help button home button
AJRCCM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
Published ahead of print on May 16, 2007, doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 176, Number 6, September 2007, 532-555

A more recent version of this article appeared on September 15, 2007
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
200703-456SOv1
176/6/532    most recent
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Rabe, K. F
Right arrow Articles by Zielinski, J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Rabe, K. F
Right arrow Articles by Zielinski, J.

Submitted on March 20, 2007
Accepted on May 15, 2007

Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD - 2006 Update

Klaus F Rabe1*, Suzanne Hurd2, Antonio Anzueto3, Peter J Barnes4, Sonia A Buist5, Peter Calverley6, Yoshinosuke Fukuchi7, Christine Jenkins8, Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin9, Chris van Weel10, and Jan Zielinski11

1 Department of Pulmonology, C3-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 GOLD, Gaithersburg, USA, 3 University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 4 National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom, 5 Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA, 6 University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 7 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, Tokyo, Japan, 8 Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, North Sydney, Austria, 9 Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain, 10 University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 11 Institute of TB and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: k.f.rabe{at}lumc.nl.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. It is the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in the United States1, and is projected to rank fifth in 2020 in burden of disease caused worldwide, according to a study published by the World Bank/World Health Organization2. Yet, COPD remains relatively unknown or ignored by the public as well as public health and government officials. In 1998, in an effort to bring more attention to COPD, its management, and its prevention, a committed group of scientists encouraged the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the World Health Organization to form the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Among the important objectives of GOLD are to increase awareness of COPD and to help the millions of people who suffer from this disease and die prematurely from it or its complications. The first step in the GOLD program was to prepare a consensus report, Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD, published in 2001. The present, newly revised document follows the same format as the original consensus report, but has been updated to reflect the many publications on COPD that have appeared. A network of international experts, GOLD National Leaders have initiated investigations of the causes and prevalence of COPD in their countries, and developed innovative approaches for the dissemination and implementation of COPD management guidelines. We appreciate the enormous amount of work the GOLD National Leaders have done on behalf
Key words: COPD, Diagnosis, Management, Prevention,Guidelines




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 DTBHome page
{blacktriangledown}Erdosteine for copd exacerbations
DTB, October 1, 2008; 46(10): 79 - 80.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
N. S. Godtfredsen, T. H. Lam, T. T. Hansel, M. E. Leon, N. Gray, C. Dresler, D. M. Burns, E. Prescott, and J. Vestbo
COPD-related morbidity and mortality after smoking cessation: status of the evidence
Eur. Respir. J., October 1, 2008; 32(4): 844 - 853.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
M. G. Foreman, D. L. DeMeo, C. P. Hersh, V. J. Carey, V. S. Fan, J. J. Reilly, S. D. Shapiro, and E. K. Silverman
Polymorphic variation in surfactant protein B is associated with COPD exacerbations
Eur. Respir. J., October 1, 2008; 32(4): 938 - 944.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
D. M. Mannino, D. Thorn, A. Swensen, and F. Holguin
Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COPD
Eur. Respir. J., October 1, 2008; 32(4): 962 - 969.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
S. Letuve, A. Kozhich, N. Arouche, M. Grandsaigne, J. Reed, M.-C. Dombret, P. A. Kiener, M. Aubier, A. J. Coyle, and M. Pretolani
YKL-40 Is Elevated in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Activates Alveolar Macrophages
J. Immunol., October 1, 2008; 181(7): 5167 - 5173.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
Y. R. B. M. van Gestel, S. E. Hoeks, D. D. Sin, G. M. J. M. Welten, O. Schouten, H. J. Witteveen, C. Simsek, H. Stam, F. W. Mertens, J. J. Bax, et al.
Impact of Cardioselective {beta}-Blockers on Mortality in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atherosclerosis
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2008; 178(7): 695 - 700.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Antimicrob ChemotherHome page
M. E. Falagas, S. G. Avgeri, D. K. Matthaiou, G. Dimopoulos, and I. I. Siempos
Short- versus long-duration antimicrobial treatment for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a meta-analysis
J. Antimicrob. Chemother., September 1, 2008; 62(3): 442 - 450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
A. Punturieri, T. L. Croxton, G. G. Weinmann, and J. P. Kiley
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A View from the NHLBI
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2008; 178(5): 441 - 443.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
D. Makris, S. Lazarou, M. Alexandrakis, T. V. Kourelis, N. Tzanakis, D. Kyriakou, and K. I. Gourgoulianis
Tc2 Response at the Onset of COPD Exacerbations
Chest, September 1, 2008; 134(3): 483 - 488.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
M. Williams, P. Cafarella, T. Olds, J. Petkov, and P. Frith
The Language of Breathlessness Differentiates Between Patients With COPD and Age-Matched Adults
Chest, September 1, 2008; 134(3): 489 - 496.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
M. B. Drummond, A. L. Blackford, J. O. Benditt, B. J. Make, F. C. Sciurba, M. C. McCormack, F. J. Martinez, H. E. Fessler, A. P. Fishman, R. A. Wise, et al.
Continuous Oxygen Use in Nonhypoxemic Emphysema Patients Identifies a High-Risk Subset of Patients: Retrospective Analysis of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial
Chest, September 1, 2008; 134(3): 497 - 506.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
B. D. Patel, H. O. Coxson, S. G. Pillai, A. G. N. Agusti, P. M. A. Calverley, C. F. Donner, B. J. Make, N. L. Muller, S. I. Rennard, J. Vestbo, et al.
Airway Wall Thickening and Emphysema Show Independent Familial Aggregation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2008; 178(5): 500 - 505.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
K. H. Jung, S. J. Kim, C. Shin, and J. H. Kim
The Considerable, Often Neglected, Impact of Pulmonary Tuberculosis on the Prevalence of COPD
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2008; 178(4): 431 - 431.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
K. F. Rabe, S. Hurd, R. Rodriguez-Roisin, P. M. Calverley, and On behalf of the GOLD Science Committee
A Unique Spirometric Phenotype in COPD
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2008; 178(4): 432 - 433.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
J. M. Bon, J. L. Weissfeld, and F. C. Sciurba
A Unique Spirometric Phenotype in COPD
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2008; 178(4): 431 - 432.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
M. Cazzola and M. G. Matera
To Add, or Not To Add an Inhaled Corticosteroid in Moderate COPD: That Is the Question
Chest, August 1, 2008; 134(2): 223 - 225.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
K. F. Rabe, W. Timmer, A. Sagkriotis, and K. Viel
Comparison of a Combination of Tiotropium Plus Formoterol to Salmeterol Plus Fluticasone in Moderate COPD
Chest, August 1, 2008; 134(2): 255 - 262.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
F. Pitta, T. Troosters, V. S. Probst, D. Langer, M. Decramer, and R. Gosselink
Are Patients With COPD More Active After Pulmonary Rehabilitation?
Chest, August 1, 2008; 134(2): 273 - 280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
M. C. Morissette, G. Vachon-Beaudoin, J. Parent, J. Chakir, and J. Milot
Increased p53 Level, Bax/Bcl-xL Ratio, and TRAIL Receptor Expression in Human Emphysema
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2008; 178(3): 240 - 247.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
O. N. Keene, P. M. A. Calverley, P. W. Jones, J. Vestbo, and J. A. Anderson
Statistical analysis of exacerbation rates in COPD: TRISTAN and ISOLDE revisited
Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2008; 32(1): 17 - 24.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
E. M. Clini and N. Ambrosino
Nonpharmacological treatment and relief of symptoms in COPD
Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2008; 32(1): 218 - 228.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
D. M. Mannino
Coexisting Asthma and COPD: Confused Clinicians or Poor Prognosticator?
Chest, July 1, 2008; 134(1): 1 - 2.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
J. L. Wright, M. Cosio, and A. Churg
Animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): L1 - L15.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
H. Iwamoto, A. Yokoyama, N. Shiota, H. Shoda, Y. Haruta, N. Hattori, and N. Kohno
Tiotropium bromide is effective for severe asthma with noneosinophilic phenotype
Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2008; 31(6): 1379 - 1380.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
Z. Ammous, N. R. Hackett, M. W. Butler, T. Raman, I. Dolgalev, T. P. O'Connor, B.-G. Harvey, and R. G. Crystal
Variability in Small Airway Epithelial Gene Expression Among Normal Smokers
Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6): 1344 - 1353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
L. M. Fabbri, P. Boschetto, and C. Mapp
Time to Wake Up!
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2008; 177(11): 1291 - 1292.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
D. D. Sin, S. F. P. Man, D. D. Marciniuk, G. Ford, M. FitzGerald, E. Wong, E. York, R. R. Mainra, W. Ramesh, L. S. Melenka, et al.
The Effects of Fluticasone with or without Salmeterol on Systemic Biomarkers of Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2008; 177(11): 1207 - 1214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
L. D. Calvert, R. Shelley, S. J. Singh, P. L. Greenhaff, J. Bankart, M. D. Morgan, and M. C. Steiner
Dichloroacetate Enhances Performance and Reduces Blood Lactate during Maximal Cycle Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2008; 177(10): 1090 - 1094.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
J. C. Hogg and R. A. Pierce
Remodelling of peripheral lung tissue in COPD
Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2008; 31(5): 913 - 914.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
P. Albert and P. M. A. Calverley
Drugs (including oxygen) in severe COPD
Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2008; 31(5): 1114 - 1124.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
G. R. Washko, E. Hoffman, and J. J. Reilly
Radiographic Evaluation of the Potential Lung Volume Reduction Surgery Candidate
Proceedings of the ATS, May 1, 2008; 5(4): 421 - 426.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
W. M. Chatila, B. M. Thomashow, O. A. Minai, G. J. Criner, and B. J. Make
Comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Proceedings of the ATS, May 1, 2008; 5(4): 549 - 555.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
D. L. Bayley, H. Abusriwil, A. Ahmad, and R. A. Stockley
Validation of assays for inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate
Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2008; 31(5): 943 - 948.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
A. Sato, Y. Hoshino, T. Hara, S. Muro, H. Nakamura, M. Mishima, and J. Yodoi
Thioredoxin-1 Ameliorates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation and Emphysema in Mice
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 2008; 325(2): 380 - 388.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
W. MacNee
Update in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2007
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2008; 177(8): 820 - 829.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
J. B. Soriano and D. M. Mannino
Reversing concepts on COPD irreversibility
Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2008; 31(4): 695 - 696.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory DiseaseHome page
J.F. Donohue, N.A. Hanania, K.A. Sciarappa, E. Goodwin, D.R. Grogan, R.A. Baumgartner, and J.P. Hanrahan
Arformoterol and salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A one year evaluation of safety and tolerance
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, April 1, 2008; 2(2): 37 - 48.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory DiseaseHome page
K. M. Kunisaki, K. L. Rice, E. N. Janoff, T. S. Rector, and D. E. Niewoehner
Exhaled nitric oxide, systemic inflammation, and the spirometric response to inhaled fluticasone propionate in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective study
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, April 1, 2008; 2(2): 55 - 64.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
L. D. Calvert, S. J. Singh, P. L. Greenhaff, M. D. Morgan, and M. C. Steiner
The plasma ammonia response to cycle exercise in COPD
Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2008; 31(4): 751 - 758.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
J. Vestbo, W. Anderson, H. O. Coxson, C. Crim, F. Dawber, L. Edwards, G. Hagan, K. Knobil, D. A. Lomas, W. MacNee, et al.
Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points (ECLIPSE)
Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2008; 31(4): 869 - 873.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
H. Watz, B. Waschki, C. Boehme, M. Claussen, T. Meyer, and H. Magnussen
Extrapulmonary Effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Physical Activity: A Cross-sectional Study
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2008; 177(7): 743 - 751.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
A. Churg, M. Cosio, and J. L. Wright
Mechanisms of cigarette smoke-induced COPD: insights from animal models
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2008; 294(4): L612 - L631.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
P. Calverley
Understanding Breathlessness in Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 15, 2008; 177(6): 564 - 565.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
D. Ofir, P. Laveneziana, K. A. Webb, Y.-M. Lam, and D. E. O'Donnell
Mechanisms of Dyspnea during Cycle Exercise in Symptomatic Patients with GOLD Stage I Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 15, 2008; 177(6): 622 - 629.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
S. Baraldo and M. Saetta
To reg or not to reg: that is the question in COPD
Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2008; 31(3): 486 - 488.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
A. H. Remels, H. R. Gosker, P. Schrauwen, R. C. Langen, and A. M. Schols
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a therapeutic target in COPD?
Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2008; 31(3): 502 - 508.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
A. Singh
On Treating and Preventing Acute Exacerbations in COPD
Proceedings of the ATS, February 15, 2008; 5(2): 283 - 283.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
L. Langsetmo, R. W. Platt, P. Ernst, and J. Bourbeau
Underreporting Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Longitudinal Cohort
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2008; 177(4): 396 - 401.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Chronic Respiratory DiseaseHome page
M. Poulain, M. Doucet, V. Drapeau, G. Fournier, A. Tremblay, P. Poirier, and F. Maltais
Metabolic and inflammatory profile in obese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic Respiratory Disease, February 1, 2008; 5(1): 35 - 41.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
S. Bozinovski, A. Hutchinson, M. Thompson, L. MacGregor, J. Black, E. Giannakis, A.-S. Karlsson, R. Silvestrini, D. Smallwood, R. Vlahos, et al.
Serum Amyloid A Is a Biomarker of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2008; 177(3): 269 - 278.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
E. Derom, C. van Weel, G. Liistro, J. Buffels, T. Schermer, E. Lammers, E. Wouters, and M. Decramer
Primary care spirometry
Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2008; 31(1): 197 - 203.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
L. M. Fabbri, F. Luppi, B. Beghe, and K. F. Rabe
Complex chronic comorbidities of COPD
Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2008; 31(1): 204 - 212.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
P. Shirtcliffe, M. Weatherall, and R. Beasley
From the authors
Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2008; 31(1): 218 - 219.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
F. J. Martinez
Pathogen-directed Therapy in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Proceedings of the ATS, December 1, 2007; 4(8): 647 - 658.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
D. C Grootendorst, S. A Gauw, R. M Verhoosel, P. J Sterk, J. J Hospers, D. Bredenbroker, T. D Bethke, P. S Hiemstra, and K. F Rabe
Reduction in sputum neutrophil and eosinophil numbers by the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in patients with COPD
Thorax, December 1, 2007; 62(12): 1081 - 1087.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
D. D. Sin and W. C. Tan
Breaking Down the "Great Wall" of COPD Care in China
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 15, 2007; 176(8): 732 - 733.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
L. M. Fabbri, P. Boschetto, and C. E. Mapp
COPD Guidelines: The Important Thing Is Not to Stop Questioning
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 15, 2007; 176(6): 527 - 528.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JWatch GeneralHome page
Recommendations for Management of COPD
Journal Watch (General), September 13, 2007; 2007(913): 2 - 2.
[Full Text]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.
Copyright © 2007 American Thoracic Society