Published ahead of print on June 8, 2006, doi:10.1164/rccm.200512-1946OC
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 174, Number 5, September 2006, 499-507
A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2006
Submitted on December 22, 2005
Accepted on June 8, 2006
Reduced Maternal Vitamin E Intake during Pregnancy is Associated with Asthma in 5-Year-Old Children
Graham Devereux1*, Stephen W Turner2, Leone C.A. Craig1, Geraldine McNeill3, Sheelagh Martindale1, Paul J Harbour2, Peter J Helms2, and Anthony Seaton1
1 Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom,
2 Department of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom,
3 Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Department of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: g.devereux{at}abdn.ac.uk.
Rationale. We have previously reported an association between reduced maternal vitamin E intake during pregnancy and wheezing in 2-year-old children.
Objectives. To assess whether maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy is associated with asthma related outcomes in children aged 5 years.
Methods. A longitudinal cohort study of 1861 children born to women recruited during pregnancy and followed up at 5 years.
Measurements. Maternal nutrient status was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and plasma levels. Respiratory and food frequency questionnaires were completed at 5 years and children were invited for measurement of spirometry and skin-prick testing.
Main Results. Symptom and FFQ data were available for 1253 and 1120 children respectively; 700 children were skin prick tested, and FEV1 was measured in 478 and FENO in 167 children. In 5-year-old children maternal vitamin E intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with wheeze in previous year [odds ratio per intake quintile 0.82, 95% CI 0.71-0.95], asthma ever [0.84, 0.72-0.98], asthma and wheeze in previous year [0.79, 0.65-0.95], and persistent wheezing [0.77, 0.63-0.93]. Maternal plasma  -tocopherol during pregnancy was positively associated with post-bronchodilator FEV1 at 5 years, with a 7ml (95% CI 0-14, p=0.04) increase in FEV1 per µg/ml -tocopherol. Maternal zinc intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with asthma ever [0.83, 0.71-0.78] and active asthma [0.72, 0.59-0.89]. There were no associations between children nutrient intake and respiratory outcomes.
Conclusion. Maternal intake of foods containing vitamin E and zinc during pregnancy is associated with differences in the risks of developing childhood wheeze and asthma.
Key words: Vitamin E, zinc, pregnancy, children, ventilatory function
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