Rationale: Changes in the density of bronchial vessels have been proposed as a part of airway remodeling that occurs in chronic asthma. Objectives: Using an established non-human primate model of chronic allergic asthma, we evaluated changes in vascular density as well as the contribution of bronchial epithelium to produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods: Eight juvenile rhesus macaques were divided into two groups of four. One group was exposed to eleven cycles of aerosolized house dust mite allergen (HDMA), while the other was exposed to filtered air (FA). Bronchial wall vasculature was identified using an immunohistochemical approach, and vascular density was quantified stereologically. A semi-quantitative PCR approach was used to estimate VEGF splice variant gene expression at discrete airway generations. Cell culture of primary tracheal epithelial cells with varying concentrations of HDMA was used to quantify the direct contribution of the epithelium to VEGF production. Results: Bronchial vascular density was increased at mid to lower airway generations, which was independent of changes in the interstitial compartment. The VEGF₁₂₁ splice variant was significantly increased at lower airway generations. VEGF protein increased in a dose dependant fashion in vitro primarily by an increase in VEGF₁₂₁ gene expression. Conclusion: This study highlights that increased vascular density in an animal model of chronic allergic asthma is airway generation specific and associated with a unique increase of VEGF splice variant gene expression. Airway epithelium is the likely source for increased VEGF.