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Published ahead of print on October 6, 2005, doi:10.1164/rccm.200503-372OC

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 172, Number 12, December 2005, 1534-1540

A more recent version of this article appeared on December 15, 2005
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Submitted on March 9, 2005
Accepted on October 4, 2005

Omega-3 fatty acid Prevents Heart Rate Variability Reductions associated with Particulate Matter

Isabelle Romieu1, Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo1, Mariana Lazo1, Abigail Manzano-Patino1, Marlene Cortez-Lugo1, Pierre Julien2, Marie Claire Belanger2, Mauricio Hernandez-Avila1, and Fernando Holguin3*

1 Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, 2 Lipid Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada, 3 Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fch5{at}cdc.gov.

Context: Environmental exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm) has been associated with changes in heart rate variability (HRV). Objective: To evaluate the effect of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the reduction of HRV associated with PM2.5 exposure. Design: Randomized double blind trial Setting: Mexico City, Mexico Participants: 50 nursing home residents aged over 60 years. Intervention: Randomization to either 2 grams/day of fish oil vs 2 gram/day of soy-oil as the control with 6 months follow-up (1-month pre-supplementation and 5-month supplementation) or repeated HRV measurements. PM2.5 was monitored indoors and outdoors. Main outcome measure: The association between HRV and one standard deviation (S.D.) change in PM2.5 (8 µg/m3). Results: In the group receiving fish oil, the reduction in HRV-HFT (High frequency log10 transformed) associated with one S.D. change in PM2.5 was - 54% (95% confidence interval (CI) = - 72, - 24) in the pre-supplementation phase, and only - 7% (95% CI = - 20 +7) in the supplementation phase (p<0.01 for the effect of supplementation), with changes in other HRV parameters also being significantly less pronounced during supplementation. Small decreases in PM2.5 -associated reductions in HRV parameters also occurred in the group receiving soy oil, but these were not significant. Fish oil supplementation was significantly better in preventing the reduction in p-NN50 (p=0.03) and r-MSSD (p=0.05) than soy oil supplementation. Interpretation: Supplementation with 2 g/ day of fish oil prevented HRV decline related to PM2.5 exposure in the study population.
Key words: omega-3 PUFA, heart rate variability, PM2.5, elderly, Mexico




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