Published ahead of print on December 10, 2004, doi:10.1164/rccm.200407-970OC
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 171, Number 6, March 2005, 645-651
A more recent version of this article appeared on March 15, 2005
Submitted on July 30, 2004
Accepted on December 3, 2004
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Rhinovirus Infection in Bronchial Tissues
Anne G Mosser1*, Rose Vrtis1, Lacinda Burchell1, Wai-Ming Lee2, Claire R Dick1, Elizabeth Weisshaar1, Diane Bock1, Cheri A Swenson1, Richard D Cornwell1, Keith C Meyer1, Nizar N Jarjour1, William W Busse1, and James E Gern2
1 Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: agmosser{at}wisc.edu.
Although rhinovirus infections can cause asthma exacerbations and alter lower airway inflammation and physiology, it is unclear how important bronchial infection is to these processes. To study the kinetics, location and frequency of rhinovirus appearance in lower airway tissues during an acute infection, immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to analyze the presence of virus in cells from nasal lavage, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushings and biopsy specimens from 19 subjects with an experimental rhinovirus 16 cold. Rhinovirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis in cells from nasal lavage and induced sputum samples from all subjects after rhinovirus 16 inoculation as well as in 5 of 19 bronchoalveolar lavage cell samples and in 5 of 18 bronchial biopsies taken 4 days after virus inoculation. Immunohistochemistry detected rhinovirus 16 in 39% and 36% of all biopsy and brushing samples taken 4 and 15 days, respectively, after inoculation. Infected cells were primarily distributed in discrete patches on the epithelium. These results confirm that infection of lower airway tissues is a frequent finding during a cold, and further demonstrate a patchy distribution of infected cells, a pattern similar to that reported in upper airway tissues.
Key words: common cold, epithelium, virus, bronchus
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