Published ahead of print on July 28, 2004, doi:10.1164/rccm.200404-447OC
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 170, Number 10, November 2004, 1057-1065
A more recent version of this article appeared on November 15, 2004
Submitted on April 2, 2004
Accepted on July 27, 2004
Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Childhood and Adult Asthma
Benjamin A Raby1*, Ross Lazarus2, Edwin K Silverman3, Steven Lake2, Christoph Lange4, Mathias Wjst5, and Scott T Weiss6
1 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,
2 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,
3 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,
4 Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,
5 Institute of Epidemiology, GSF National Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,
6 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Partners Center for Genomics, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rebar{at}channing.harvard.edu.
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been associated with immune-related diseases, and the receptor and Vitamin D itself are important in T-cell differentiation. We undertook a positional candidate strategy for asthma susceptibility genes in a linkage region on chromosome 12q that includes VDR. 582 families from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) were genotyped at 28 loci from seven positional candidate genes, including seven VDR polymorphisms. The VDR ApaI polymorphism (rs7975232) demonstrated significant transmission distortion, with undertransmission of the C allele in a ratio of 4:5 (p=0.01). This association was most prominent in girls, in whom distortion was more marked (p=0.009). Gender-specific associations were detected for quantitative traits, with multiple VDR polymorphisms demonstrating association with serum Immunoglobulin E levels (p=0.006-0.01). Replication of associations between asthma and VDR was observed in 517 female asthmatics and 519 matched controls ascertained through the Nurses Health Study. 4 of 6 variants typed demonstrated significant evidence of association with asthma (p=0.02-0.04). The direction of association in this second study was opposite to the effects seen in the trios, but similar to the findings in the Quebec study of Poon et al. These results suggest that VDR influences asthma and allergy susceptibility in a complex manner.
Key words: asthma, genetics, vitamin D receptor, association studies, replication
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