Published ahead of print on April 24, 2003, doi:10.1164/rccm.200301-103OC Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 168, Number 2, July 2003, 222-227 A more recent version of this article appeared on July 15, 2003
Submitted on January 27, 2003 EMMPRIN is Increased in Smokers' Bronchoalveolar Lavage FluidTomoko Betsuyaku1*,1 First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan, 2 Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bytomoko{at}med.hokudai.ac.jp.
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), also called basigin, is present in the lung during development, but its expression in normal adult lung is minimal. Increases of EMMPRIN have been found in various forms of experimental lung injury. To determine whether EMMPRIN might be involved in alveolar injury/repair associated with smoking, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for EMMPRIN and applied it to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from never-smokers (n=7), former smokers (n=16) and current smokers (n=58). The smoker groups included subjects with emphysema as determined by high-resolution chest computed tomography. EMMPRIN levels were significantly elevated in current and former smokers, 315 ± 20 and 175 ± 15 pg/ml SEM, respectively, compared to 31 ± 7 pg/ml in never-smokers, but the EMMPRIN levels of smokers with emphysema were not different from smokers without emphysema. Immunohistochemistry of smokers'lung tissue showed EMMPRIN in bronchiolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages, but EMMPRIN mRNA in alveolar macrophages was not different between current and never-smokers. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 was also detectable in the BAL fluid from some smokers, but not in never-smokers. These findings indicate that smoking is associated with increased intrapulmonary EMMPRIN. Whether EMMPRIN is involved in smoking-induced lung pathology remains to be determined. Key words: smoking, emphysema, matrix metalloproteinase, alveolar macrophages
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