Published ahead of print on August 6, 2003, doi:10.1164/rccm.200301-050OC
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 168, Number 11, December 2003, 1293-1297
A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2003
Submitted on January 13, 2003
Accepted on August 5, 2003
Endoscopic ultrasound, positron emission tomography, and computerized tomography for lung cancer
Annette Fritscher-Ravens1, Bruce L Davidson2*, Hans-Peter Hauber3, Karl H Bohuslavizki4, C Bobrowski3, Christian Lund5, Wolfram Trudo Knofel6, Nib Soehendra1, Lars Brandt1, Margaret S Pepe7, and Almuth Pforte3
1 Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Hospital, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
2 Pulmonary-Critical Care Division, University of Washington School of Medicine and Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA,
3 Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, University Hospital, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
4 Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
5 Radiology, University Hospital, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
6 General Surgery, University Hospital, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
7 Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: brucedavidson{at}pobox.com.
Staging of lung cancer patients to determine operability is intended to efficiently limit futile thoracotomies without denying possibly curative surgery. Currently available staging tests are imperfect alone and in combination. Imaged suspected metastases often require tissue confirmation before surgery can be denied. Endoscopic ultrasound may help identify inoperable patients by providing tissue proof of inoperability in a single staging test, with similar sensitivity for identifying inoperable patients as other staging tests. Therefore, we compared computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration under conscious sedation, each test interpreted blinded with respect to the other tests, for identifying inoperable patients in a consecutive cohort of 79 potentially operable patients with suspected or proven lung cancer. An economic analysis was also performed. 39 patients were found inoperable (a 40th patients inoperability was missed by all preoperative staging tests). The sensitivity of computerized tomography was 43%. Positron emission tomography and endoscopic ultrasound each had similar sensitivities (68% and 63%, respectively) and similar negative predictive values (64% and 68%, respectively), but endoscopic ultrasounds superior specificity (100% vs 72% for positron emission tomography) and considerably lower expense means it may be preferred to positron emission tomography early in staging to identify inoperable patients.
Key words: staging, mediastinum, metastasis, cost effectiveness, operability
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