Published ahead of print on April 10, 2003, doi:10.1164/rccm.200212-1543OC Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 167, Number 12, June 2003, 1650-1654 A more recent version of this article appeared on June 15, 2003
Submitted on January 3, 2003 MICROBIOLOGY OF SEVERE ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA IN INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLYAli A El-Solh1*,1 Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: solh{at}buffalo.edu.
We sought to investigate prospectively the microbial etiology and prognostic indicators of 95 institutionalized elders with severe aspiration pneumonia and its relation to oral hygiene using quantitative bronchial sampling. Data collection included demographic information, Activity of Daily Living, Plaque Index, antimicrobial therapy and outcome. Out of the 67 pathogens identified, Gram-negative enteric bacilli were the predominant organisms isolated (49%) followed by anaerobic bacteria (16%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12%). The mostly commonly encountered anaerobes were Prevotella and Fusobacterium species. Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli were recovered in conjunction with 55% of anaerobic isolates. The Plaque Index did not differ significantly between the aerobic (2.2±0.4) and the anaerobic group (2.3±0.3). Functional status was the only determinant of the presence of anaerobic bacteria. Although seven cases with anaerobic isolates received initially inadequate antimicrobial therapy, six had effective clinical response. The crude mortality was 33% for the aerobic and 36% for the anaerobic group; p=0.9. Stepwise multivariate analysis identified hypoalbuminemia (p<0.001) and the burden of comorbid diseases (p<0.001) as independent risk factors of poor outcome. In view of the rising resistance to antimicrobial agents the importance of adding anaerobic coverage for aspiration pneumonia in institutionalized elders needs to be reexamined. Key words: pneumonia, aspiration, anaerobes, elderly, dental plaques
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