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Published ahead of print on January 9, 2003, doi:10.1164/rccm.200210-1253OC

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 167, Number 10, May 2003, 1380-1386

A more recent version of this article appeared on May 15, 2003
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Submitted on November 10, 2002
Accepted on January 8, 2003

ALDEHYDES IN EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Massimo Corradi1, Israel Rubinstein2, Roberta Andreoli1, Paola Manini1, Andrea Caglieri3, Diana Poli1, Rossella Alinovi3, and Antonio Mutti3*

1 Research Centre at the University of Parma, I.S.P.E.S.L., Parma, Italy; Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy, 2 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; West Side Division, VA Chicago Health Care System, Chicago, IL, USA, 3 Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: antonio.mutti{at}unipr.it.

The aims of the present study were: (i) to evaluate whether individual aldehydes resulting from lipid peroxidation can be measured in exhaled breath condensate, (ii) to assess the influence of sampling procedures on aldehyde concentrations, (iii) to compare aldehyde levels in patients with stable, moderate to severe, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with those of smoking and nonsmoking controls. Aldheydes (malondialdehyde, hexanal, heptanal and nonanal) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in all samples and overlapping results were obtained using different sampling procedures. Malondialdehyde (57.2 ± 2.4 nmol/L), hexanal (63.5 ±4.4 nmol/L), and heptanal (26.6 ±3.9 nmol/L) were increased in patients as compared to nonsmoking controls (17.7 ±5.5 nmol/L, p<0.0001, 14.2 ±3.5 nmol/L, p=0.004, 18.7 ±0.9 nmol/L, p=0.002, respectively). Only malondialdehyde was increased in patients compared to smoking controls (35.6 ±4.0 nmol/L, p=0.0007). In conclusion, different classes of aldehydes were identified in exhaled breath condensate of humans. Whereas all aldehydes but nonanal were lower in controls as compared to other groups, only malondialdehyde distinguished smoking controls from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and could be envisaged as a biomarker potentially useful to monitor the disease and its response to therapy.
Key words: Exhaled breath condensate, COPD, aldehydes, biomarkers, reproducibility




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