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Published ahead of print on January 16, 2003, doi:10.1164/rccm.200209-1030OC

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 167, Number 10, May 2003, 1360-1368

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Submitted on September 17, 2002
Accepted on January 13, 2003

Airway structural alterations selectively associated to severe asthma

Laurent Benayoun1, Anne Druilhe1, Marie-Christine Dombret2, Michel Aubier3, and Marina Pretolani1*

1 Faculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat, INSERM, U408, Paris, France, 2 Service de Pneumologie, Hospital Bichat, Paris, France, 3 Service de Pneumologie, Hospital Bichat, Paris, France; Faculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat, INSERM, U408, Paris, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mpretol{at}bichat.inserm.fr.

To identify airway pathologic abnormalities selectively associated with severe asthma, we examined 10 controls, 10 intermittent, 15 mild-to-moderate persistent, 15 severe persistent asthmatics and 10 patients with COPD. Bronchial biopsies were assessed for epithelial integrity, subepithelial basement membrane (SBM) thickness, collagen type III deposition, eosinophil, neutrophil and fibroblast numbers, mucous gland and airway smooth muscle (ASM) areas, SBM-ASM distance, ASM hypertrophy (increased cell size) and the expression of the contractile proteins {alpha}-actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms, myosin-light chain kinase (MLCK) and the phosphorylated form of the regulatory light chain of myosin. Neither mucosal eosinophilia, nor neutrophilia, epithelial damage, or SBM thickness reflected asthma severity. In contrast, higher numbers of fibroblasts (p < 0.001), increase in collagen type III deposition (p < 0.020), larger mucous gland (p < 0.040) and ASM (p < 0.001) areas, augmented ASM cell size (p < 0.001) and MLCK expression (p < 0.005) distinguished severe persistent asthmatics from patients with milder disease or with COPD. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis established that fibroblast numbers and ASM cell size were negatively associated with pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV1 values in asthmatics. We conclude that fibroblast accumulation and ASM hypertrophy in proximal airways are selective determinants of severe persistent asthma.
Key words: airway smooth muscle, hypertrophy, myosin light chain kinase, fibroblasts, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease




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K. F. Chung
The Role of Airway Smooth Muscle in the Pathogenesis of Airway Wall Remodeling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Proceedings of the ATS, November 1, 2005; 2(4): 347 - 354.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
E. L. J. van Rensen, J. K. Sont, C. E. Evertse, L. N. A. Willems, T. Mauad, P. S. Hiemstra, P. J. Sterk, and the AMPUL Study Group
Bronchial CD8 Cell Infiltrate and Lung Function Decline in Asthma
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2005; 172(7): 837 - 841.
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 J. Immunol.Home page
D. A. Kuperman, X. Huang, L. Nguyenvu, C. Holscher, F. Brombacher, and D. J. Erle
IL-4 Receptor Signaling in Clara Cells Is Required for Allergen-Induced Mucus Production
J. Immunol., September 15, 2005; 175(6): 3746 - 3752.
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P. Joubert, S. Lajoie-Kadoch, I. Labonte, A. S. Gounni, K. Maghni, V. Wellemans, J. Chakir, M. Laviolette, Q. Hamid, and B. Lamkhioued
CCR3 Expression and Function in Asthmatic Airway Smooth Muscle Cells
J. Immunol., August 15, 2005; 175(4): 2702 - 2708.
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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
L. Deng, N. J. Fairbank, D. J. Cole, J. J. Fredberg, and G. N. Maksym
Airway smooth muscle tone modulates mechanically induced cytoskeletal stiffening and remodeling
J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2005; 99(2): 634 - 641.
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 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
L. Zhou, A. M. Goldsmith, J. K. Bentley, Y. Jia, M. L. Rodriguez, M. K. Abe, D. C. Fingar, and M. B. Hershenson
4E-Binding Protein Phosphorylation and Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E Release Are Required for Airway Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., August 1, 2005; 33(2): 195 - 202.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
S. Wenzel
Severe Asthma in Adults
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 15, 2005; 172(2): 149 - 160.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
R. Gosens, I. S. T. Bos, J. Zaagsma, and H. Meurs
Protective Effects of Tiotropium Bromide in the Progression of Airway Smooth Muscle Remodeling
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2005; 171(10): 1096 - 1102.
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 PhysiologyHome page
R. J. Homer and J. A. Elias
Airway Remodeling in Asthma: Therapeutic Implications of Mechanisms
Physiology, February 1, 2005; 20(1): 28 - 35.
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 ThoraxHome page
S Guerra
Clinical remission of asthma: what lies beyond?
Thorax, January 1, 2005; 60(1): 5 - 6.
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 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
M. Wahl, T. J. Eddinger, and C.-M. Hai
Sinusoidal length oscillation- and receptor-mediated mRNA expression of myosin isoforms and {alpha}-SM actin in airway smooth muscle
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): C1697 - C1708.
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P. K. Jeffery
Remodeling and Inflammation of Bronchi in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Proceedings of the ATS, November 1, 2004; 1(3): 176 - 183.
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P. Chanez, A. Bourdin, I. Vachier, P. Godard, J. Bousquet, and A. M. Vignola
Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Pathology in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Proceedings of the ATS, November 1, 2004; 1(3): 184 - 190.
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 Eur Respir JHome page
A.G. Stewart
Emigration and immigration of mesenchymal cells: a multicultural airway wall
Eur. Respir. J., October 1, 2004; 24(4): 515 - 517.
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 ChestHome page
A. F. Gelb, A. Schein, E. Nussbaum, C. M. Shinar, Y. Aelony, H. Aharonian, and N. Zamel
Risk Factors for Near-Fatal Asthma
Chest, October 1, 2004; 126(4): 1138 - 1146.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
A. ten Brinke, A. H. Zwinderman, P. J. Sterk, K. F. Rabe, and E. H. Bel
"Refractory" Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Severe Asthma: Effect of Parenteral Corticosteroids
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 15, 2004; 170(6): 601 - 605.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
J. L. Black
Asthma--More Muscle Cells or More Muscular Cells?
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2004; 169(9): 980 - 981.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
P. G. Woodruff, G. M. Dolganov, R. E. Ferrando, S. Donnelly, S. R. Hays, O. D. Solberg, R. Carter, H. H. Wong, P. S. Cadbury, and J. V. Fahy
Hyperplasia of Smooth Muscle in Mild to Moderate Asthma without Changes in Cell Size or Gene Expression
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2004; 169(9): 1001 - 1006.
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 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
S. T. Holgate, J. Holloway, S. Wilson, F. Bucchieri, S. Puddicombe, and D. E. Davies
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Communication in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Asthma
Proceedings of the ATS, April 1, 2004; 1(2): 93 - 98.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
L. Zhou, J. Li, A. M. Goldsmith, D. C. Newcomb, D. M. Giannola, R. G. Vosk, E. M. Eves, M. R. Rosner, J. Solway, and M. B. Hershenson
Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cell Lines Show a Hypertrophic Phenotype Typical of Severe Asthma
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 15, 2004; 169(6): 703 - 711.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
M. Terada, E. A. B. Kelly, and N. N. Jarjour
Increased Thrombin Activity after Allergen Challenge: A Potential Link to Airway Remodeling?
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2004; 169(3): 373 - 377.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
M. J. Tobin
Asthma, Airway Biology, and Nasal Disorders in AJRCCM 2003
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2004; 169(2): 265 - 276.
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 Eur Respir JHome page
A.M. Vignola, A. Bonanno, M. Profita, L. Riccobono, N. Scichilone, M. Spatafora, J. Bousquet, G. Bonsignore, and V. Bellia
Effect of age and asthma duration upon elastase and {alpha}1-antitrypsin levels in adult asthmatics
Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2003; 22(5): 795 - 801.
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 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
B. McElhinney, M. E. Poynter, P. Shrivastava, S. L. Hazen, and Y. M. W. Janssen-Heininger
Eosinophil peroxidase catalyzes JNK-mediated membrane blebbing in a Rho kinase-dependent manner
J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2003; 74(5): 897 - 907.
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