Published ahead of print on January 31, 2008, doi:10.1164/rccm.200711-1697OC
© 2008 American Thoracic Society doi: 10.1164/rccm.200711-1697OC
Sex-stratified Linkage Analysis Identifies a Female-specific Locus for IgE to Cockroach in Costa Ricans1 Channing Laboratory, and 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; 3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; 5 Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica; 6 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 7 Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and 8 Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Juan C. Celedón, M.D., Dr.P.H., Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: juan.celedon{at}channing.harvard.edu Rationale: The basis for gender influences on allergen-specific IgEs is unclear. Objectives: To perform regular and sex-stratified genomewide linkage analyses of IgE to each of three allergens (Ascaris lumbricoides, Blatella germanica [German cockroach]), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [dust mite]) and to conduct an association study of a candidate gene in a linked genomic region. Methods: Genomewide linkage analyses of allergen-specific IgEs were conducted in 653 members of eight large families of Costa Rican children with asthma. An analysis of the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IgE measurements was conducted in 417 parent–child trios in Costa Rica. Significant results were replicated in 470 families of white children in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP).
Measurements and Main Results: Among all subjects, there was suggestive evidence of linkage (LOD Conclusions: Consistent with findings in murine models, a variant in TSLP may have female-specific effects on allergic phenotypes.
Key Words: immunoglobulin E • linkage • thymic stromal lymphopoietin • single-nucleotide polymorphisms
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2.72) to IgE to Ascaris (on chromosome 7q) and IgE to dust mite (on chromosomes 7p and 12q). In a sex-stratified analysis, there was significant evidence of linkage to IgE to cockroach on chromosome 5q23 (peak LOD, 4.14 at 127 cM) in female subjects. TSLP is located within the 1.5 LOD-unit support interval for this linkage peak and has female-specific effects on lung disease in mice. In a sex-stratified analysis, the T allele of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2289276 in TSLP was associated with reductions in IgE to cockroach (in Costa Rican girls) and total IgE (in girls in Costa Rica and in CAMP; P value for sex-by-genotype interaction, <0.01 in both studies). 
