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Characterization of Fibroblast-specific Protein 1 in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Timothy S. Blackwell, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1217 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2650. E-mail: timothy.blackwell{at}vanderbilt.edu

Because fibroblasts produce collagen and other extracellular matrix components that are deposited during tissue fibrosis, defining the behavior of these cells is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. We investigated the utility of fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1), a member of the calmodulin S100 troponin C superfamily, for identifying lung fibroblasts in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal administration of bleomycin. Protein and mRNA expression of FSP1 was minimal in untreated lungs, but increased by 1 week after bleomycin administration and remained increased at 2 and 3 weeks after treatment. By immunohistochemistry, the number of FSP1⁺ cells increased in a dose-dependent manner in the lungs after bleomycin treatment. Colocalization of 1 procollagen and FSP1 in interstitial cells demonstrated that FSP1⁺ fibroblasts contribute to the deposition of collagen after bleomycin administration. In primary lung cell cultures, lung fibroblasts, but not macrophages or type II alveolar epithelial cells, expressed FSP1. FSP1 also identified fibroblasts in lung biopsy specimens from patients with documented usual interstitial pneumonitis. Therefore, FSP1 is an improved marker for lung fibroblasts that could be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.

Key Words: -smooth muscle actin • bleomycin • collagen • lung • mouse

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