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Published ahead of print on April 30, 2003, doi:10.1164/rccm.200210-1226OC
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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 168. pp. 242-249, (2003)
© 2003 American Thoracic Society

Original Article

Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Blood {gamma}{delta} T Cells in Sleep Apnea

Larissa Dyugovskaya, Peretz Lavie and Lena Lavie

The Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Lena Lavie, Ph.D., Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, POB 9649, 31096 Haifa, Israel. E-mail: lenal{at}techunix.technion.ac.il

Hypoxia-induced lymphocyte dysfunction may be implicated in endothelial cell damage in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. {gamma}{delta} T cells' unique migration, cytotoxic features, and accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques are considered critical in cardiovascular disorders. We characterized the phenotype, cytokine profile, adhesion properties, and cytotoxicity of {gamma}{delta} T cells in patients with OSA and control subjects. The following is a summary of our major findings regarding OSA {gamma}{delta} T cells: (1) a significant increase in the expression of the inhibitory natural killer B1 receptors was found; (2) the intracellular content of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-{alpha} and interleukin-8 was increased, and the content of the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 was decreased; (3) {gamma}{delta} T cells of patients with OSA adhered significantly more avidly to nonactivated endothelial cells in culture than those of control subjects; (4) L-selectin expression was higher; (5) anti–E/P-selectin antibodies and anti–TNF-{alpha} antibodies decreased the adhesion index of OSA {gamma}{delta} T lymphocytes/endothelial cells but not of control subjects; and (6) cytotoxicity of OSA {gamma}{delta} T lymphocytes against endothelial cells in culture was 2.5-fold higher than that of control subjects and could be prevented by pretreatment with anti–TNF-{alpha}. Collectively these data implicate {gamma}{delta} T lymphocyte function in atherogenic sequelae in OSA.

Key Words: tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} • interleukin-10 • selectins • adhesion • cytotoxicity




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