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3p Microsatellite Signature in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Tumor Tissue of Patients with Lung Cancer

¹ Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; ² Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Care and Research Institute, Cassano delle Murge, Bari, Italy; ³ Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; ⁴ Department of Thoracic Surgery, San Paolo Hospital, Bari, Italy; ⁵ ISPA, CNR, Bari, Italy; and ⁶ Clinical Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano, M.D., Ph.D., Via De Nicolò 5, 70121 Bari, Italy. E-mail: ge.carpagnano{at}unifg.it

Rationale: Our group has recently demonstrated the possibility of studying microsatellite alterations (MAs) of 3p in the DNA of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Objectives: To verify whether MAs analyzed in DNA from EBC reflect a profile of alterations present in tumor tissue of NSCLC.

Methods: Fifty-nine subjects undergoing histologic diagnosis for clinical suspicion of lung cancer entered the study: 41 were found to have NSCLC and 18 to have nonneoplastic diseases. All subjects underwent allelotyping on DNA from whole blood, EBC, and lung tissue removed for histologic diagnosis by analyzing a panel of five microsatellites located in chromosomal region 3p. Results obtained from DNA of the three biological sites and nonneoplastic tissues from controls were compared.

Measurements and Main Results: MAs in DNA from tumor tissues and EBC of each patient with cancer presented an overlapping profile of loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability. An MA profile of DNA of lung tissue reflecting the DNA of EBC profile from controls was also confirmed. Smoking status was associated with the presence of MAs in patients with NSCLC and in control subjects.

Conclusions: We demonstrated that MAs in DNA from EBC of patients with NSCLC are significantly more frequent than in control subjects. More interesting, the MA profile of DNA from EBC corresponds to that from lung cancer tissue of each patient with NSCLC.

Key Words: exhaled breath condensate • lung tissue • DNA • non–small cell lung cancer

AT A GLANCE COMMENTARY Scientific Knowledge on the Subject Exhaled breath condensate contains DNA that can potentially be analyzed for alterations. What This Study Adds to the Field Exhaled breath condensate from patients with lung cancer contains DNA with mutations of chromosome 3p that reflect mutations within the tumor. Exhaled breath condensate analysis could potentially be used for early diagnosis of lung cancer.

 

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