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Published ahead of print on June 8, 2006, doi:10.1164/rccm.200512-1946OC
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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 174. pp. 499-507, (2006)
© 2006 American Thoracic Society
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200512-1946OC

Original Article

Low Maternal Vitamin E Intake during Pregnancy Is Associated with Asthma in 5-Year-Old Children

Graham Devereux, Stephen W. Turner, Leone C. A. Craig, Geraldine McNeill, Sheelagh Martindale, Paul J. Harbour, Peter J. Helms and Anthony Seaton

Departments of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to G. Devereux, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZB, UK. E-mail: g.devereux{at}abdn.ac.uk

Rationale: We have previously reported an association between reduced maternal vitamin E intake during pregnancy and wheezing in 2-yr-old children.

Objectives: To assess whether maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy is associated with asthma-related outcomes in children aged 5 yr.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study of 1,861 children born to women recruited during pregnancy and followed up at 5 yr.

Measurements: Maternal nutrient status was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and plasma levels. Respiratory and food frequency questionnaires were completed at 5 yr and children were invited for measurement of spirometry and skin-prick testing.

Main Results: Symptom and food frequency questionnaire data were available for 1,253 and 1,120 children, respectively; 700 children were skin prick tested, and FEV1 was measured in 478 and exhaled nitric oxide in 167 children. In 5-yr-old children, maternal vitamin E intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with wheeze in previous year (odds ratio per intake quintile, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.95), asthma ever (0.84, 0.72–0.98), asthma and wheeze in previous year (0.79, 0.65–0.95), and persistent wheezing (0.77, 0.63–0.93). Maternal plasma {alpha}-tocopherol during pregnancy was positively associated with post-bronchodilator FEV1 at 5 yr, with a 7-ml (95% confidence interval, 0–14; p = 0.04) increase in FEV1 per µg/ml {alpha}-tocopherol. Maternal zinc intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with asthma ever (0.83, 0.71–0.78) and active asthma (0.72, 0.59–0.89). There were no associations between children's nutrient intake and respiratory outcomes.

Conclusion: Maternal intake of foods containing vitamin E and zinc during pregnancy is associated with differences in the risks of developing childhood wheeze and asthma.

Key Words: children • pregnancy • ventilatory function • vitamin E • zinc




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