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Published ahead of print on June 23, 2005, doi:10.1164/rccm.200504-560OC
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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 172. pp. 915-920, (2005)
© 2005 American Thoracic Society
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200504-560OC

Original Article

Oxidative Stress and Left Ventricular Function with Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats

Ling Chen, Elliot Einbinder, Qi Zhang, Jeffrey Hasday, C. William Balke and Steven M. Scharf

Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Steven M. Scharf, M.D., Ph.D., Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF 800, Baltimore, MD. E-mail: sscharf{at}medicine.umaryland.edu

Rationale and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with oxidative stress and myocardial dysfunction. We hypothesized that the chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) component of OSA is sufficient to lead to these adverse effects.

Methods and Results: Rats were exposed to CIH (nadir O2, 4–5%) for 8 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 5 weeks. Results were compared with similarly handled controls (HC). Outcomes included blood pressure (tail cuff plethysmograph), echocardiographic and invasive measures of left-ventricular (LV) function, and indices of oxidative stress that included levels of myocardial lipid peroxides and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Blood pressure was greater in CIH (n = 22) than in HC (n = 22) after 2 weeks of exposure (136 ± 12 vs. 128 ± 8 mm Hg; p < 0.05). However, the difference disappeared by 5 weeks (127 ± 13 vs. 127 ± 13 mm Hg). LV weight/heart weight was greater with CIH (CIH, 0.52 ± 0.05; HC, 0.47 ± 0.06; p < 0.005). Echocardiograms revealed LV dilation, as well as decreased LV fractional shortening (CIH, 29.7 ± 9.8%; HC, 37.4 ± 7.1%; p < 0.001). LV end-diastolic pressure was increased with CIH (CIH, 13.7 ± 5.5; HC, 8.0 ± 2.9 mm Hg; p < 0.001), decreased LV dp/dtmax (CIH, 5072 ± 2191; HC, 6596 ± 720 mm Hg/second; p < 0.039), and decreased cardiac output (CIH, 48.2 ± 10.5; HC, 64.1 ± 10.9 ml/minute; p < 0.001). LV myocardial lipid peroxides were greater (CIH, 1,258 ± 703; HC 715 ± 240 µm/mg protein; p < 0.05) and LV myocardial superoxide dismutase levels were lower (CIH, 10.3 ± 4.9; HC, 18.6 ± 8.2 U/mg protein; p < 0.05) with CIH.

Conclusions: CIH leads to oxidative stress and LV myocardial dysfunction.

Key Words: left ventricular function • obstructive sleep apnea • oxidative stress




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