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Published ahead of print on April 1, 2005, doi:10.1164/rccm.200410-1342OC
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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 172. pp. 123-127, (2005)
© 2005 American Thoracic Society
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200410-1342OC

Original Article

Risk Factors for Active Tuberculosis after Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation in Abidjan

Catherine Seyler, Siaka Toure, Eugène Messou, Dominique Bonard, Delphine Gabillard and Xavier Anglaret

Programme PAC-CI, and Centre de Diagnostic et de Recherches sur le SIDA (CeDReS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; and INSERM U.593, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. Xavier Anglaret, INSERM U593, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France. E-mail: Xavier.Anglaret{at}isped.u-bordeaux2.fr

Rationale: In sub-Saharan Africa: (1) tuberculosis is the first cause of HIV-related mortality; (2) the incidence of tuberculosis in adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is lower than in untreated HIV-infected adults but higher than in HIV-negative adults; and (3) factors associated with the occurrence of tuberculosis in patients receiving HAART have never been described. Objective: To look for the risk factors for active tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults receiving HAART in Abidjan. Methods: Seven-year prospective cohort of HIV-infected adults, with standardized procedures for documenting morbidity. We analyzed the incidence of active tuberculosis in patients who started HAART and the association between the occurrence of tuberculosis and the characteristics of these patients at HAART initiation. Main Results: A total of 129 adults (median baseline CD4 count 125/mm3) started HAART and were then followed for 270 person-years (P-Y). At HAART initiation, 31 had a history of tuberculosis and none had current active tuberculosis. During follow-up, the incidence of active tuberculosis was 4.8/100 P-Y (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5–8.3) overall, 3.0/100 P-Y (95% CI, 1.1–6.6) in patients with no tuberculosis history, and 11.3/100 P-Y (95% CI, 4.1–24.5) in patients with a history of tuberculosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.29–16.62, p = 0.02). Conclusion: The risk of tuberculosis after HAART initiation was significantly higher in patients with a history of tuberculosis than in those with no tuberculosis history. If confirmed by others, this finding could lead to assessment of new patterns of time-limited tuberculosis secondary chemoprophylaxis during the period of initiation of HAART in sub-Saharan African adults.

Key Words: Africa south of the Sahara • HAART • HIV • risk factors • tuberculosis




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