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Particulate Matter Air Pollution Stimulates Monocyte Release from the Bone Marrow

The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia; and Environmental Health Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Stephan F. van Eeden, M.D., Ph.D., The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z1Y6 Canada. E-mail: svaneeden{at}mrl.ubc.ca

Particulate air pollution (PM₁₀) stimulates alveolar macrophages (AMs) to release immature granulocytes from the bone marrow (BM) into the circulation. This study was designed to determine the effect of PM₁₀ (ambient EHC-93 or inert carbon [CC]) instillation exposure on the monocyte release from the BM and the role of AM in this response. Monocyte precursors were labeled in the BM of rabbits in vivo by an intravenous injection of 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, and the effects of PM₁₀ were determined by instillation either particles or supernatants of AM exposed to particles into the lungs. Instillation of EHC-93 (500 µg/ml) or supernatants from AM incubated with EHC-93 (100 µg/ml) increased circulating band cell counts (p < 0.05) and shortened the transit time of monocytes through the BM (35.5 ± 2.2 to 25.0 ± 1.5 hours or 36.2 ± 2.6 to 25.7 ± 1.8 hours, p < 0.05) compared with the control subject. CC (1%) instillation also shortened the monocyte BM transit time to 28.4 ± 1.9 hours (p < 0.05), but supernatants of AM incubated with CC did not. We conclude that exposure to atmospheric PM₁₀ stimulates the production of mediators by AM, and these cytokines accelerate the monocyte release from the BM.

Key Words: air pollution • alveolar macrophages • bone marrow • cytokines • leukocytes

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