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Published ahead of print on February 12, 2004, doi:10.1164/rccm.200310-1463OC
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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 169. pp. 934-940, (2004)
© 2004 American Thoracic Society

Original Article

Particulate Matter Exposure in Cars Is Associated with Cardiovascular Effects in Healthy Young Men

Michael Riediker, Wayne E. Cascio, Thomas R. Griggs, Margaret C. Herbst, Philip A. Bromberg, Lucas Neas, Ronald W. Williams and Robert B. Devlin

Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine; Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; North Carolina State Highway Patrol, Raleigh; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Michael Riediker, Institut de Santé au Travail (Institute of Occupational Health Sciences), Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail: michael.riediker{at}alumni.ethz.ch

Exposure to fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in older and cardiac patients. Potential physiologic effects of in-vehicle, roadside, and ambient PM2.5 were investigated in young, healthy, nonsmoking, male North Carolina Highway Patrol troopers. Nine troopers (age 23 to 30) were monitored on 4 successive days while working a 3 P.M. to midnight shift. Each patrol car was equipped with air-quality monitors. Blood was drawn 14 hours after each shift, and ambulatory monitors recorded the electrocardiogram throughout the shift and until the next morning. Data were analyzed using mixed models. In-vehicle PM2.5 (average of 24 µg/m3) was associated with decreased lymphocytes (–11% per 10 µg/m3) and increased red blood cell indices (1% mean corpuscular volume), neutrophils (6%), C-reactive protein (32%), von Willebrand factor (12%), next-morning heart beat cycle length (6%), next-morning heart rate variability parameters, and ectopic beats throughout the recording (20%). Controlling for potential confounders had little impact on the effect estimates. The associations of these health endpoints with ambient and roadside PM2.5 were smaller and less significant. The observations in these healthy young men suggest that in-vehicle exposure to PM2.5 may cause pathophysiologic changes that involve inflammation, coagulation, and cardiac rhythm.

Key Words: ambulatory electrocardiography • complete blood cell count • vehicle emissions




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