American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 168. pp. 700-705, (2003)
© 2003 American Thoracic Society
Pleural Fluid Transforming Growth Factor–ß1 Correlates with Pleural Fibrosis in Experimental Empyema
Scott A. Sasse,
Martin R. Jadus and
Gary D. Kukes
Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, Long Beach Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach; and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Scott Sasse, M.D., Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Long Beach Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 5901 East 7th Street, Long Beach, CA 90822. E-mail: scott.sasse{at}med.va.gov
Transforming growth factor–ß1 (TGF-ß1) is a growth factor that is implicated in fibrosis of many organs. The purpose of this study was to determine the sequential levels of TGF-ß1 in the pleural fluid of rabbits that had undergone empyema induction, as fibrosis of the pleural space develops. Thirty-seven rabbits underwent empyema induction. Rabbits were sacrificed on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8. Pleural fluid and viscera pleura specimens were collected at autopsy. TGF-ß1 levels were measured in pleural fluid using a commercially available ELISA kit, and pathologic specimens were scored for evidence of fibrosis (pleural thickness and number of fibroblasts). The median levels of pleural fluid TGF-ß1 increased from 8,100 pg/ml (Days 1 and 2) to 39,600 pg/ml (Day 8). Pleural fluid TGF-ß1 levels closely correlated with microscopic pleural thickness (r = 0.7, p < 0.001) and number of fibroblasts present in the visceral pleura (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). The first increase in pleural fluid levels of TGF-ß1 (Day 3) occurred before the increase in pleural thickness (Day 4) and before the increase in number of fibroblasts (Day 4). In conclusion, pleural fluid levels of TGF-ß1 rise in experimental empyema as pleural fibrosis develops. The rise in empyemic pleural fluid TGF-ß1 levels correlates with markers of pleural space fibrosis.
Key Words: empyema • transforming growth factor–ß1 • cytokines • pleural fluid
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