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Influence of Talc Dose on Extrapleural Talc Dissemination after Talc Pleurodesis

Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; and Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Jaume Ferrer, M.D., Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: jjferrer{at}vhebron.net

This study was designed to ascertain, in a rabbit model, extrapleural talc deposition and the related inflammatory response after talc slurry pleurodesis with two clinical doses, 200 and 50 mg/kg. Histopathologic evaluations revealed that whereas numerous rabbits receiving a high dose had talc in the ipsilateral (70%) and contralateral (55%) lung, mediastinum (90%), pericardium (30%), and liver (25%), a small number of animals treated with a low dose showed talc in the ipsilateral lung (10%) and mediastinum (20%) and none in the contralateral lung, pericardium, or liver. Hematologic and immunocytochemical analyses showed that a systemic inflammatory response develops shortly after pleurodesis with a high talc dose involving massive accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in lung tissue. Zymography also revealed that the pulmonary expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 was up-regulated in both lungs in a dose-dependent manner soon after talc instillation. Furthermore, microscopic examination of lung specimens revealed that the higher the dose of talc, the greater the development of both fibrotic visceral pleural thickening and foreign-body granulomas. These findings show pleurodesis with a high talc dose to be associated with an increased risk of extrapleural talc deposition, which may originate undesirable acute and chronic inflammatory responses.

Key Words: granuloma • inflammation • lung • matrix metalloproteinase • surgical trauma

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