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Published ahead of print on January 9, 2003, doi:10.1164/rccm.200210-1253OC
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American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 167. pp. 1380-1386, (2003)
© 2003 American Thoracic Society

Aldehydes in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Massimo Corradi, Israel Rubinstein, Roberta Andreoli, Paola Manini, Andrea Caglieri, Diana Poli, Rossella Alinovi and Antonio Mutti

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention Research Center, and Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, and Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago; and Veterans Affairs Chicago Health Care System, West Side Division, Chicago, Illinois

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Antonio Mutti, M.D., Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, Via Gramsci 14, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy. E-mail: antonio.mutti{at}unipr.it

The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate whether individual aldehydes resulting from lipid peroxidation can be measured in exhaled breath condensate, (2) to assess the influence of sampling procedures on aldehyde concentrations, and (3) to compare aldehyde levels of patients with stable, moderate to severe, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with those of smoking and nonsmoking control subjects. Aldehydes (malondialdehyde, hexanal, heptanal, and nonanal) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in all samples and overlapping results were obtained by different sampling procedures. Malondialdehyde (57.2 ± 2.4 nmol/L), hexanal (63.5 ± 4.4 nmol/L), and heptanal (26.6 ± 3.9 nmol/L) were increased in patients as compared with nonsmoking control subjects (17.7 ± 5.5 nmol/L, p < 0.0001; 14.2 ± 3.5 nmol/L, p = 0.004; and 18.7 ± 0.9 nmol/L, p = 0.002, respectively). Only malondialdehyde was increased in patients compared with smoking control subjects (35.6 ± 4.0 nmol/L, p = 0.0007). In conclusion, different classes of aldehydes were identified in exhaled breath condensate of humans. Whereas all aldehydes but nonanal were lower in control subjects as compared with other groups, only malondialdehyde distinguished smoking control subjects from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and could be envisaged as a biomarker potentially useful to monitor the disease and its response to therapy.

Key Words: aldehydes • biomarkers • COPD • exhaled breath condensate • reproducibility




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