This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 200210-1253OCv1 167/10/1380    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Corradi, M. Articles by Mutti, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Corradi, M. Articles by Mutti, A.

Aldehydes in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention Research Center, and Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, and Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago; and Veterans Affairs Chicago Health Care System, West Side Division, Chicago, Illinois

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Antonio Mutti, M.D., Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, Via Gramsci 14, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy. E-mail: antonio.mutti{at}unipr.it

The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate whether individual aldehydes resulting from lipid peroxidation can be measured in exhaled breath condensate, (2) to assess the influence of sampling procedures on aldehyde concentrations, and (3) to compare aldehyde levels of patients with stable, moderate to severe, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with those of smoking and nonsmoking control subjects. Aldehydes (malondialdehyde, hexanal, heptanal, and nonanal) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in all samples and overlapping results were obtained by different sampling procedures. Malondialdehyde (57.2 ± 2.4 nmol/L), hexanal (63.5 ± 4.4 nmol/L), and heptanal (26.6 ± 3.9 nmol/L) were increased in patients as compared with nonsmoking control subjects (17.7 ± 5.5 nmol/L, p < 0.0001; 14.2 ± 3.5 nmol/L, p = 0.004; and 18.7 ± 0.9 nmol/L, p = 0.002, respectively). Only malondialdehyde was increased in patients compared with smoking control subjects (35.6 ± 4.0 nmol/L, p = 0.0007). In conclusion, different classes of aldehydes were identified in exhaled breath condensate of humans. Whereas all aldehydes but nonanal were lower in control subjects as compared with other groups, only malondialdehyde distinguished smoking control subjects from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and could be envisaged as a biomarker potentially useful to monitor the disease and its response to therapy.

Key Words: aldehydes • biomarkers • COPD • exhaled breath condensate • reproducibility

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Cazzola, W. MacNee, F. J. Martinez, K. F. Rabe, L. G. Franciosi, P. J. Barnes, V. Brusasco, P. S. Burge, P. M. A. Calverley, B. R. Celli, et al. Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: from lung function to biomarkers Eur. Respir. J., February 1, 2008; 31(2): 416 - 469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Montuschi Review: Analysis of exhaled breath condensate in respiratory medicine: methodological aspects and potential clinical applications Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, October 1, 2007; 1(1): 5 - 23. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. J. Barnes, B. Chowdhury, S. A. Kharitonov, H. Magnussen, C. P. Page, D. Postma, and M. Saetta Pulmonary Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 2006; 174(1): 6 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Horvath, J. Hunt, P. J. Barnes, and On behalf of the ATS/ERS Task Force on Exhaled Bre Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions Eur. Respir. J., September 1, 2005; 26(3): 523 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. MacNee Treatment of stable COPD: antioxidants Eur. Respir. Rev., September 1, 2005; 14(94): 12 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Corradi, P. Pignatti, P. Manini, R. Andreoli, M. Goldoni, M. Poppa, G. Moscato, B. Balbi, and A. Mutti Comparison between exhaled and sputum oxidative stress biomarkers in chronic airway inflammation Eur. Respir. J., December 1, 2004; 24(6): 1011 - 1017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Barnes Mediators of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2004; 56(4): 515 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Kharitonov and P. J. Barnes Effects of Corticosteroids on Noninvasive Biomarkers of Inflammation in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Proceedings of the ATS, November 1, 2004; 1(3): 191 - 199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Rahman Reproducibility of oxidative stress biomarkers in breath condensate: are they reliable? Eur. Respir. J., February 1, 2004; 23(2): 183 - 184. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Tobin Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Pollution, Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Transplantation, Pleural Disease, and Lung Cancer in AJRCCM 2003 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2004; 169(2): 301 - 313. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Effros, J. Biller, B. Foss, K. Hoagland, M. B. Dunning, D. Castillo, M. Bosbous, F. Sun, and R. Shaker A Simple Method for Estimating Respiratory Solute Dilution in Exhaled Breath Condensates Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2003; 168(12): 1500 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Mutti, M. Corradi, I. Rubinstein, and R. M. Effros Reporting Data on Exhaled Breath Condensate Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 15, 2003; 168(6): 719 - 719. [Full Text]

				T. H. Risby Further Discussion on Breath Condensate Analysis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2003; 167(10): 1301 - 1302. [Full Text] [PDF]