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Validation of Nasal Pressure for the Identification of Apneas/Hypopneas during Sleep

Departments of Medicine and Sociology, Foothills Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to W. Ward Flemons, Foothills Hospital/University of Calgary, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9 Canada. E-mail: flemons{at}ucalgary.ca

The reference standard for identifying apneas and hypopneas is a pneumotachograph, but using this can disrupt sleep. Nasal airflow estimation by measuring nasal pressure via nasal prongs is better tolerated by patients. However, nasal pressure has not been validated, using an event-by-event analysis, for detecting apneas/hypopneas during sleep. Eleven patients undergoing polysomnography wore a nasal mask capable of measuring nasal airflow (via pneumotachograph) and nasal pressure simultaneously. Each study was screened for respiratory disturbances, and from these 550 were randomly selected and blindly scored as an apnea/hypopnea or no event each using the pneumotachograph, nasal pressure, square root nasal pressure, and respiratory inductance sum signals independently. Agreement was measured using Cohen's kappa statistic. Intermeasurement agreements between the pneumotachograph and nasal pressure, square root nasal pressure, and respiratory inductance plethysmography sum were 0.76, 0.73, and 0.50, respectively. Inter- and intrarater agreements were, respectively, 0.68 and 0.60 for the pneumotachograph, 0.66 and 0.82 for nasal pressure, 0.61 and 0.78 for square root nasal pressure, and 0.47 and 0.76 for respiratory inductance plethysmography sum. These results indicate that nasal pressure has excellent agreement compared with a pneumotachograph and very good inter-/intrarater agreement. Square root transformation of the nasal pressure signal does not improve these levels of agreement, indicating that it is unnecessary in routine clinical practice for scoring apneas/hypopneas.

Key Words: sleep apnea syndromes • diagnostic techniques and procedures • evaluation studies

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