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Reactive Nitrogen Species and Cell Signaling

Implications for Death or Survival of Lung Epithelium

University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Yvonne M. W. Janssen-Heininger, Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405. E-mail: yjanssen{at}zoo.uvm.edu

ABSTRACT

Reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and nitrogen dioxide have been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory lung diseases. Yet, the molecular mechanisms and cell signaling events responsible for cellular injury remain to be elucidated. Two major signaling pathways, co-ordinately regulated and responsible for cell survival and cell death, involve nuclear factor B and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, respectively. A review of these pathways, their modes of action, and their importance in executing oxidative stress responses in lung epithelial cells are discussed.

Key Words: oxidants • signal transduction • lung epithelium

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