help button home button
AJRCCM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by IP, M. S. M.
Right arrow Articles by LAM, K. S. L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by IP, M. S. M.
Right arrow Articles by LAM, K. S. L.

Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 165, Number 5, March 2002, 670-676

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Independently Associated with Insulin Resistance

MARY S. M. IP, BING LAM, MATTHEW M. T. NG, WAH KIT LAM, KENNETH W. T. TSANG, and KAREN S. L. LAM

Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong S.A.R., PR China

Epidemiological studies have implicated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as an independent comorbid factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is postulated that recurrent episodes of occlusion of upper airways during sleep result in pathophysiological changes that may predispose to vascular diseases. Insulin resistance is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis, and we postulate that OSA represents a stress that promotes insulin resistance, hence atherogenesis. This study investigated the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and insulin resistance, indicated by fasting serum insulin level and insulin resistance index based on the homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR). A total of 270 consecutive subjects (197 male) who were referred for polysomnography and who did not have known diabetes mellitus were included, and 185 were documented to have OSA defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >=  5. OSA subjects were more insulin resistant, as indicated by higher levels of fasting serum insulin (p = 0.001) and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001); they were also older and more obese. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that obesity was the major determinant of insulin resistance but sleep-disordered breathing parameters (AHI and minimum oxygen saturation) were also independent determinants of insulin resistance (fasting insulin: AHI, p = 0.02, minimum O2, p = 0.041; HOMA-IR: AHI, p = 0.044, minimum O2, p = 0.022); this association between OSA and insulin resistance was seen in both obese and nonobese subjects. Each additional apnea or hypopnea per sleep hour increased the fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR by about 0.5%. Further analysis of the relationship of insulin resistance and hypertension confirmed that insulin resistance was a significant factor for hypertension in this cohort. Our findings suggest that OSA is independently associated with insulin resistance, and its role in the atherogenic potential of sleep disordered breathing is worthy of further exploration.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
V. Pialoux, P. J. Hanly, G. E. Foster, J. V. Brugniaux, A. E. Beaudin, S. E. Hartmann, M. Pun, C. T. Duggan, and M. J. Poulin
Effects of Exposure to Intermittent Hypoxia on Oxidative Stress and Acute Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Humans
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 15, 2009; 180(10): 1002 - 1009.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
J. Aittokallio, T. Saaresranta, A. Virkki, N. Karppinen, O. J. Heinonen, T. Aittokallio, and O. Polo
Transcutaneous carbon dioxide profile during sleep reveals metabolic risk factors in post-menopausal females
Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2009; 34(5): 1132 - 1139.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
H. Tuomilehto, M. Peltonen, M. Partinen, G. Lavigne, J. G. Eriksson, C. Herder, S. Aunola, S. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, P. Ilanne-Parikka, M. Uusitupa, et al.
Sleep Duration, Lifestyle Intervention, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Impaired Glucose Tolerance: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
Diabetes Care, November 1, 2009; 32(11): 1965 - 1971.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
P E Ronksley, B R Hemmelgarn, S J Heitman, P J Hanly, P D Faris, H Quan, and W H Tsai
Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with diabetes in sleepy subjects
Thorax, October 1, 2009; 64(10): 834 - 839.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
P. Levy, M. R. Bonsignore, and J. Eckel
Sleep, sleep-disordered breathing and metabolic consequences
Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2009; 34(1): 243 - 260.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
L. Lavie and P. Lavie
Molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in OSAHS: the oxidative stress link
Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2009; 33(6): 1467 - 1484.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ERRHome page
M. R. Bonsignore and J. Eckel
Metabolic aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Eur. Respir. Rev., June 1, 2009; 18(112): 113 - 124.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
M. M.-s. Lui, J. C.-m. Lam, H. K.-F. Mak, A. Xu, C. Ooi, D. C.-l. Lam, J. C.-w. Mak, P. L. Khong, and M. S.-M. Ip
C-Reactive Protein Is Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Independent of Visceral Obesity
Chest, April 1, 2009; 135(4): 950 - 956.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
H. P. I. Tuomilehto, J. M. Seppa, M. M. Partinen, M. Peltonen, H. Gylling, J. O. I. Tuomilehto, E. J. Vanninen, J. Kokkarinen, J. K. Sahlman, T. Martikainen, et al.
Lifestyle Intervention with Weight Reduction: First-line Treatment in Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2009; 179(4): 320 - 327.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
D. C-L. Lam, A. Xu, K. S-L. Lam, B. Lam, J. C-M. Lam, M. M-S. Lui, and M. S-M. Ip
Serum adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein level is elevated in severe OSA and correlates with insulin resistance
Eur. Respir. J., February 1, 2009; 33(2): 346 - 351.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
J. M. Parish
Sleep-Related Problems in Common Medical Conditions
Chest, February 1, 2009; 135(2): 563 - 572.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ACCP Sleep Med Brd RevHome page
H. K. Yaggi
Sleep and the Cardiovascular System
ACCP Sleep Med Brd Rev, January 1, 2009; 4(0): 123 - 132.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ACCP Sleep Med Brd RevHome page
R. D. Vorona
Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and the Endocrine System
ACCP Sleep Med Brd Rev, January 1, 2009; 4(0): 163 - 184.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PhysiologyHome page
R. M. Douglas and G. G. Haddad
Can O2 Dysregulation Induce Premature Aging?
Physiology, December 1, 2008; 23(6): 333 - 349.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
M.-A. Cornier, D. Dabelea, T. L. Hernandez, R. C. Lindstrom, A. J. Steig, N. R. Stob, R. E. Van Pelt, H. Wang, and R. H. Eckel
The Metabolic Syndrome
Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2008; 29(7): 777 - 822.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck SurgHome page
E. J. Kezirian, C. E. Kirisoglu, R. W. Riley, E. Chang, C. Guilleminault, and N. B. Powell
Resting Energy Expenditure in Adults With Sleep Disordered Breathing
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, December 1, 2008; 134(12): 1270 - 1275.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
G. K. Sakkas, C. Karatzaferi, E. Zintzaras, C. D. Giannaki, V. Liakopoulos, E. Lavdas, E. Damani, N. Liakos, I. Fezoulidis, Y. Koutedakis, et al.
Liver fat, visceral adiposity, and sleep disturbances contribute to the development of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in nondiabetic dialysis patients
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2008; 295(6): R1721 - R1729.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
L. J. Tamariz, J. H. Young, J. S. Pankow, H.-C. Yeh, M. I. Schmidt, B. Astor, and F. L. Brancati
Blood Viscosity and Hematocrit as Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2008; 168(10): 1153 - 1160.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
M. S M Ip
Obstructive sleep apnoea, insulin resistance and sleepiness
Thorax, November 1, 2008; 63(11): 939 - 940.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
A Barcelo, F Barbe, M de la Pena, P Martinez, J B Soriano, J Pierola, and A G N Agusti
Insulin resistance and daytime sleepiness in patients with sleep apnoea
Thorax, November 1, 2008; 63(11): 946 - 950.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
V. K. Somers, D. P. White, R. Amin, W. T. Abraham, F. Costa, A. Culebras, S. Daniels, J. S. Floras, C. E. Hunt, L. J. Olson, et al.
Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health)
Circulation, September 2, 2008; 118(10): 1080 - 1111.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
N. Nakra, S. Bhargava, J. Dzuira, S. Caprio, and A. Bazzy-Asaad
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children With Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Leptin and Sympathetic Nervous System Activity and the Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Pediatrics, September 1, 2008; 122(3): e634 - e642.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
V. K. Somers, D. P. White, R. Amin, W. T. Abraham, F. Costa, A. Culebras, S. Daniels, J. S. Floras, C. E. Hunt, L. J. Olson, et al.
Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 19, 2008; 52(8): 686 - 717.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Carneiro, S. M. Togeiro, L. F. Hayashi, F. F. Ribeiro-Filho, A. B. Ribeiro, S. Tufik, and M. T. Zanella
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and 24-h blood pressure profile in obese men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2008; 295(2): E380 - E384.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
J. Theorell-Haglow, C. Berne, C. Janson, and E. Lindberg
Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in females
Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2008; 31(5): 1054 - 1060.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes and Vascular Disease ResearchHome page
J. Ybarra, F. Planas, and J. M Pou
Aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and sleep-disordered breathing in morbidly obese females: a cross-sectional study
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, March 1, 2008; 5(1): 19 - 24.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
F. Lopez-Jimenez, F. H. Sert Kuniyoshi, A. Gami, and V. K. Somers
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Cardiac and Vascular Disease
Chest, March 1, 2008; 133(3): 793 - 804.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
E. Tasali and M. S. M. Ip
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Syndrome: Alterations in Glucose Metabolism and Inflammation
Proceedings of the ATS, February 15, 2008; 5(2): 207 - 217.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
O. S. Capdevila, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, E. Dayyat, and D. Gozal
Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Complications, Management, and Long-term Outcomes
Proceedings of the ATS, February 15, 2008; 5(2): 274 - 282.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
E. Tasali, B. Mokhlesi, and E. Van Cauter
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes*: Interacting Epidemics
Chest, February 1, 2008; 133(2): 496 - 506.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
T. Yokoe, L. C. Alonso, L. C. Romano, T. C. Rosa, Robert. M. O'Doherty, A. Garcia-Ocana, K. Minoguchi, and C. P. O'Donnell
Intermittent hypoxia reverses the diurnal glucose rhythm and causes pancreatic {beta}-cell replication in mice
J. Physiol., February 1, 2008; 586(3): 899 - 911.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol Res NursHome page
L.-F. M. Taub and N. S. Redeker
Sleep Disorders, Glucose Regulation, and Type 2 Diabetes
Biol Res Nurs, January 1, 2008; 9(3): 231 - 243.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 ERRHome page
I. A. Harsch
Metabolic disturbances in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Eur. Respir. Rev., December 1, 2007; 16(106): 196 - 202.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
S. D West, D. J Nicoll, T. M Wallace, D. R Matthews, and J. R Stradling
Effect of CPAP on insulin resistance and HbA1c in men with obstructive sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes
Thorax, November 1, 2007; 62(11): 969 - 974.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. GenomicsHome page
J. Li, A. Nanayakkara, J. Jun, V. Savransky, and V. Y. Polotsky
Effect of deficiency in SREBP cleavage-activating protein on lipid metabolism during intermittent hypoxia
Physiol Genomics, October 19, 2007; 31(2): 273 - 280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
G. Parati, C. Lombardi, and K. Narkiewicz
Sleep apnea: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and relation to cardiovascular risk
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2007; 293(4): R1671 - R1683.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. Ye, Z. Gao, J. Yin, and Q. He
Hypoxia is a potential risk factor for chronic inflammation and adiponectin reduction in adipose tissue of ob/ob and dietary obese mice
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2007; 293(4): E1118 - E1128.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
S. P. Patil, H. Schneider, A. R. Schwartz, and P. L. Smith
Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Chest, July 1, 2007; 132(1): 325 - 337.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
G. Lorenzi-Filho and L. F. Drager
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Atherosclerosis: A New Paradigm
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 15, 2007; 175(12): 1219 - 1221.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 The Diabetes EducatorHome page
E. R. Chasens
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Daytime Sleepiness, and Type 2 Diabetes
The Diabetes Educator, May 1, 2007; 33(3): 475 - 482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
M. Kono, K. Tatsumi, T. Saibara, A. Nakamura, N. Tanabe, Y. Takiguchi, and T. Kuriyama
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Is Associated With Some Components of Metabolic Syndrome
Chest, May 1, 2007; 131(5): 1387 - 1392.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
C. J. Williams, F. B. Hu, S. R. Patel, and C. S. Mantzoros
Sleep Duration and Snoring in Relation to Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, May 1, 2007; 30(5): 1233 - 1240.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Postgrad. Med. J.Home page
S. Venkateswaran and P. Shankar
The prevalence of syndrome Z (the interaction of obstructive sleep apnoea with the metabolic syndrome) in a teaching hospital in Singapore
Postgrad. Med. J., May 1, 2007; 83(979): 329 - 331.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
N. Iiyori, L. C. Alonso, J. Li, M. H. Sanders, A. Garcia-Ocana, R. M. O'Doherty, V. Y. Polotsky, and C. P. O'Donnell
Intermittent Hypoxia Causes Insulin Resistance in Lean Mice Independent of Autonomic Activity
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2007; 175(8): 851 - 857.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
S. R. Coughlin, L. Mawdsley, J. A. Mugarza, J. P. H. Wilding, and P. M. A. Calverley
Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of CPAP in obese males with OSA
Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2007; 29(4): 720 - 727.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
L. Sze, C. Schmid, K. E Bloch, R. Bernays, and M. Brandle
Effect of transsphenoidal surgery on sleep apnoea in acromegaly
Eur. J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2007; 156(3): 321 - 329.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. Li, V. Savransky, A. Nanayakkara, P. L. Smith, C. P. O'Donnell, and V. Y. Polotsky
Hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation are dependent on the severity of chronic intermittent hypoxia
J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2007; 102(2): 557 - 563.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
N. McArdle, D. Hillman, L. Beilin, and G. Watts
Metabolic Risk Factors for Vascular Disease in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Matched Controlled Study
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2007; 175(2): 190 - 195.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
W. T. McNicholas, M. R. Bonsignore, and the Management Committee of EU COST ACTION B26
Sleep apnoea as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: current evidence, basic mechanisms and research priorities
Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2007; 29(1): 156 - 178.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
V. Y. Polotsky and C. P. O'Donnell
Genomics of Sleep-disordered Breathing
Proceedings of the ATS, January 1, 2007; 4(1): 121 - 126.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp PhysiolHome page
R. Wolk and V. K. Somers
Sleep Apnoea & Hypertension: Physiological bases for a causal relation: Sleep and the metabolic syndrome
Exp Physiol, January 1, 2007; 92(1): 67 - 78.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
J Wilding
Diabetes and sleep apnoea: a hidden epidemic?
Thorax, November 1, 2006; 61(11): 928 - 929.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ThoraxHome page
S D West, D J Nicoll, and J R Stradling
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in men with type 2 diabetes
Thorax, November 1, 2006; 61(11): 945 - 950.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
K. L. Knutson, A. M. Ryden, B. A. Mander, and E. Van Cauter
Role of sleep duration and quality in the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Arch Intern Med, September 18, 2006; 166(16): 1768 - 1774.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
Z. T. Bloomgarden
Third Annual World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome: Associated conditions.
Diabetes Care, September 1, 2006; 29(9): 2165 - 2174.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
K. A. Waters, S. Sitha, L. M. O'Brien, S. Bibby, C. de Torres, S. Vella, and R. de la Eva
Follow-up on Metabolic Markers in Children Treated for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2006; 174(4): 455 - 460.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. GenomicsHome page
J. Li, M. Bosch-Marce, A. Nanayakkara, V. Savransky, S. K. Fried, G. L. Semenza, and V. Y. Polotsky
Altered metabolic responses to intermittent hypoxia in mice with partial deficiency of hypoxia-inducible factor-1{alpha}
Physiol Genomics, May 16, 2006; 25(3): 450 - 457.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Tasali, E. Van Cauter, and D. A. Ehrmann
Relationships between Sleep Disordered Breathing and Glucose Metabolism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2006; 91(1): 36 - 42.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
A. I. Pack
Advances in Sleep-disordered Breathing
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 1, 2006; 173(1): 7 - 15.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
K. J. Reichmuth, D. Austin, J. B. Skatrud, and T. Young
Association of Sleep Apnea and Type II Diabetes: A Population-based Study
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2005; 172(12): 1590 - 1595.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
N. M. Punjabi and V. Y. Polotsky
Disorders of glucose metabolism in sleep apnea
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 1998 - 2007.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
K. Spiegel, K. Knutson, R. Leproult, E. Tasali, and E. V. Cauter
Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 2008 - 2019.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. Li, D. N. Grigoryev, S. Q. Ye, L. Thorne, A. R. Schwartz, P. L. Smith, C. P. O'Donnell, and V. Y. Polotsky
Chronic intermittent hypoxia upregulates genes of lipid biosynthesis in obese mice
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 1643 - 1648.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
T. Young, P. E. Peppard, and S. Taheri
Excess weight and sleep-disordered breathing
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2005; 99(4): 1592 - 1599.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Circ. Res.Home page
J. Li, L. N. Thorne, N. M. Punjabi, C.-K. Sun, A. R. Schwartz, P. L. Smith, R. L. Marino, A. Rodriguez, W. C. Hubbard, C. P. O'Donnell, et al.
Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Hyperlipidemia in Lean Mice
Circ. Res., September 30, 2005; 97(7): 698 - 706.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HypertensionHome page
G. Grassi, A. Facchini, F. Q. Trevano, R. Dell'Oro, F. Arenare, F. Tana, G. Bolla, A. Monzani, M. Robuschi, and G. Mancia
Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Dependent and -Independent Adrenergic Activation in Obesity
Hypertension, August 1, 2005; 46(2): 321 - 325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
R. Tauman, L. M. O'Brien, A. Ivanenko, and D. Gozal
Obesity Rather Than Severity of Sleep-Disordered Breathing as the Major Determinant of Insulin Resistance and Altered Lipidemia in Snoring Children
Pediatrics, July 1, 2005; 116(1): e66 - e73.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
J. F. Wilson
Is Sleep the New Vital Sign?
Ann Intern Med, May 17, 2005; 142(10): 877 - 880.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
R. Schulz
The vascular micromilieu in obstructive sleep apnoea
Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2005; 25(5): 780 - 782.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
D. J. Gottlieb, N. M. Punjabi, A. B. Newman, H. E. Resnick, S. Redline, C. M. Baldwin, and F. J. Nieto
Association of Sleep Time With Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Arch Intern Med, April 25, 2005; 165(8): 863 - 867.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
K. Tatsumi, Y. Kasahara, K. Kurosu, N. Tanabe, Y. Takiguchi, and T. Kuriyama
Sleep Oxygen Desaturation and Circulating Leptin in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
Chest, March 1, 2005; 127(3): 716 - 721.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Intern MedHome page
A. R. Babu, J. Herdegen, L. Fogelfeld, S. Shott, and T. Mazzone
Type 2 Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Arch Intern Med, February 28, 2005; 165(4): 447 - 452.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
C. Shin, J. Kim, J. Kim, S. Lee, J. Shim, K. In, K. Kang, S. Yoo, N. Cho, K. Kimm, et al.
Association of Habitual Snoring with Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Nonobese Korean Adult Men
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2005; 171(3): 287 - 291.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
P. M. Nilsson, M. Roost, G. Engstrom, B. Hedblad, and G. Berglund
Incidence of Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men Is Related to Sleep Disturbances
Diabetes Care, October 1, 2004; 27(10): 2464 - 2469.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
N. M. Punjabi, E. Shahar, S. Redline, D. J. Gottlieb, R. Givelber, and H. E. Resnick
Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance: The Sleep Heart Health Study
Am. J. Epidemiol., September 15, 2004; 160(6): 521 - 530.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart JHome page
A. Svatikova, R. Wolk, M. J Magera, A. S Shamsuzzaman, B. G Phillips, and V. K Somers
Plasma homocysteine in obstructive sleep apnoea
Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2004; 25(15): 1325 - 1329.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
T. Nakamura, K. Chin, R. Hosokawa, K. Takahashi, K. Sumi, M. Ohi, and M. Mishima
Corrected QT Dispersion and Cardiac Sympathetic Function in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
Chest, June 1, 2004; 125(6): 2107 - 2114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
K. M. Oltmanns, H. Gehring, S. Rudolf, B. Schultes, S. Rook, U. Schweiger, J. Born, H. L. Fehm, and A. Peters
Hypoxia Causes Glucose Intolerance in Humans
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2004; 169(11): 1231 - 1237.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart JHome page
S. R Coughlin, L. Mawdsley, J. A Mugarza, P. M.A Calverley, and J. P.H Wilding
Obstructive sleep apnoea is independently associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome
Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2004; 25(9): 735 - 741.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
D. S. Hui, F. W. Ko, J. P. Fok, M. C. Chan, T. S. Li, B. Tomlinson, and G. Cheng
The Effects of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Platelet Activation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Chest, May 1, 2004; 125(5): 1768 - 1775.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
F. Garcia-Rio, J. M. Pino, A. Alonso, M. A. Arias, I. Martinez, D. Alvaro, and J. Villamor
White Coat Hypertension in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
Chest, March 1, 2004; 125(3): 817 - 822.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
M. S. M. Ip, H.-F. Tse, B. Lam, K. W. T. Tsang, and W.-K. Lam
Endothelial Function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Response to Treatment
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2004; 169(3): 348 - 353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
I. A. Harsch, S. P. Schahin, M. Radespiel-Troger, O. Weintz, H. Jahreiss, F. S. Fuchs, G. H. Wiest, E. G. Hahn, T. Lohmann, P. C. Konturek, et al.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment Rapidly Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2004; 169(2): 156 - 162.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
Z. F. Udwadia, A. V. Doshi, S. G. Lonkar, and C. I. Singh
Prevalence of Sleep-disordered Breathing and Sleep Apnea in Middle-aged Urban Indian Men
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2004; 169(2): 168 - 173.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
A. E. Rubin, V. Y. Polotsky, A. Balbir, J. A. Krishnan, A. R. Schwartz, P. L. Smith, R. S. Fitzgerald, C. G. Tankersley, M. Shirahata, and C. P. O'Donnell
Differences in Sleep-induced Hypoxia between A/J and DBA/2J Mouse Strains
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2003; 168(12): 1520 - 1527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HypertensionHome page
R. Wolk, A. S.M. Shamsuzzaman, and V. K. Somers
Obesity, Sleep Apnea, and Hypertension
Hypertension, December 1, 2003; 42(6): 1067 - 1074.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ChestHome page
R. von Kanel and J. E. Dimsdale
Hemostatic Alterations in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
Chest, November 1, 2003; 124(5): 1956 - 1967.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
A. S. M. Shamsuzzaman, B. J. Gersh, and V. K. Somers
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Cardiac and Vascular Disease
JAMA, October 8, 2003; 290(14): 1906 - 1914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol Res NursHome page
E. R. Chasens, T. E. Weaver, and M. G. Umlauf
Insulin Resistance and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is Increased Sympathetic Stimulation the Link?
Biol Res Nurs, October 1, 2003; 5(2): 87 - 96.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
V. Y Polotsky, J. Li, N. M Punjabi, A. E Rubin, P. L Smith, A. R Schwartz, and C. P O'Donnell
Intermittent Hypoxia Increases Insulin Resistance in Genetically Obese Mice
J. Physiol., October 1, 2003; 552(1): 253 - 264.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Y. Liu, B. Yee, S. M. Wishart, M. Jimenez, D. G. Jung, R. R. Grunstein, and D. J. Handelsman
The Short-Term Effects of High-Dose Testosterone on Sleep, Breathing, and Function in Older Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2003; 88(8): 3605 - 3613.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
N. Meslier, F. Gagnadoux, P. Giraud, C. Person, H. Ouksel, T. Urban, and J-L. Racineux
Impaired glucose-insulin metabolism in males with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2003; 22(1): 156 - 160.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Respir JHome page
T. Saaresranta and O. Polo
Sleep-disordered breathing and hormones
Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2003; 22(1): 161 - 172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
J. o-D. L. Lattimore, D. S. Celermajer, and I. Wilcox
Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 7, 2003; 41(9): 1429 - 1437.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
H. E. Resnick, S. Redline, E. Shahar, A. Gilpin, A. Newman, R. Walter, G. A. Ewy, B. V. Howard, and N. M. Punjabi
Diabetes and Sleep Disturbances: Findings from the Sleep Heart Health Study
Diabetes Care, March 1, 2003; 26(3): 702 - 709.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
M. J. Tobin
Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Control of Breathing, Respiratory Muscles, and Pulmonary Function Testing in AJRCCM 2002
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2003; 167(3): 306 - 318.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
A. I. Pack
Should a Pharmaceutical Be Approved for the Broad Indication of Excessive Sleepiness?
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2003; 167(2): 109 - 111.
[Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.
Copyright © 2002 American Thoracic Society 		  ATS Coding and Billing Quarterly