This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Online Data Supplement Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Saldiva, P. H. N. Articles by Godleski, J. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Saldiva, P. H. N. Articles by Godleski, J. J.

Lung Inflammation Induced by Concentrated Ambient Air Particles Is Related to Particle Composition

Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and Departments of Biostatistics and Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to John Godleski, M.D., Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: jgodlesk{at}hsph.harvard.edu

The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether short-term exposures to concentrated air particles (CAPs) cause pulmonary inflammation in normal rats and rats with chronic bronchitis (CB); (2) to identify the site within the lung parenchyma where CAPs-induced inflammation occurs; and (3) to characterize the component(s) of CAPs that is significantly associated with the development of the inflammatory reaction. Four groups of animals were studied: (1) air treated, filtered air exposed (air-sham); (2) sulfur dioxide treated (CB), filtered air exposed (CB-sham); (3) air treated, CAPs exposed (air-CAPs); and (4) sulfur dioxide treated, CAPs exposed (CB-CAPs). CB and normal rats were exposed by inhalation either to filtered air or CAPs during 3 consecutive days (5 hours/day). Pulmonary inflammation was assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and by measuring the numerical density of neutrophils (Nn) in the alveolar walls at the bronchoalveolar junction and in more peripheral alveoli. CAPs (as a binary exposure term) and CAPs mass (in regression correlations) induced a significant increase in BAL neutrophils and in normal and CB animals. Nn in the lung tissue significantly increased with CAPs in normal animals only. Greater Nn was observed in the central compared with peripheral regions of the lung. A significant dose-dependent association was found between many CAPs components and BAL neutrophils or lymphocytes, but only vanadium and bromine concentrations had significant associations with both BAL neutrophils and Nn in CAPs-exposed groups analyzed together. Results demonstrate that short-term exposures to CAPs from Boston induce a significant inflammatory reaction in rat lungs, with this reaction influenced by particle composition.

Key Words: ambient particles • neutrophils • inflammation • rats

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Rumelhard, K. Ramgolam, R. Hamel, F. Marano, and A. Baeza-Squiban Expression and role of EGFR ligands induced in airway cells by PM2.5 and its components Eur. Respir. J., December 1, 2007; 30(6): 1064 - 1073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. J. Keeler, M. Morishita, J. G. Wagner, and J. R. Harkema Characterization of Urban Atmospheres during Inhalation Exposure Studies in Detroit and Grand Rapids, Michigan Toxicol Pathol, January 1, 2007; 35(1): 15 - 22. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Pina, P. H. N. Saldiva, L. E. C. Restrepo, and V. L. G. Calich Neutrophil role in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis depends on the resistance pattern of hosts J. Leukoc. Biol., June 1, 2006; 79(6): 1202 - 1213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. H. R. F. Rivero, S. R. C. Soares, G. Lorenzi-Filho, M. Saiki, J. J. Godleski, L. Antonangelo, M. Dolhnikoff, and P. H. N. Saldiva Acute Cardiopulmonary Alterations Induced by Fine Particulate Matter of Sao Paulo, Brazil Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2005; 85(2): 898 - 905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J Langley-Turnbaugh, N. R Gordon, and T. Lambert Airborne particulates and asthma: a Maine case study Toxicology and Industrial Health, February 1, 2005; 21(1-2): 75 - 92. [Abstract] [PDF]

				U. de Paula Santos, A. L. F. Braga, D. M. A. Giorgi, L. A. A. Pereira, C. J. Grupi, C. A. Lin, M. A. Bussacos, D. M. T. Zanetta, P. H. do Nascimento Saldiva, and M. T. Filho Effects of air pollution on blood pressure and heart rate variability: a panel study of vehicular traffic controllers in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2005; 26(2): 193 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Goto, H. Ishii, J. C. Hogg, C.-H. Shih, K. Yatera, R. Vincent, and S. F. van Eeden Particulate Matter Air Pollution Stimulates Monocyte Release from the Bone Marrow Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 15, 2004; 170(8): 891 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. R. Rhoden, J. Lawrence, J. J. Godleski, and B. Gonzalez-Flecha N-Acetylcysteine Prevents Lung Inflammation After Short-Term Inhalation Exposure to Concentrated Ambient Particles Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2004; 79(2): 296 - 303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Schwartz Air Pollution and Children's Health Pediatrics, April 1, 2004; 113(4/S1): 1037 - 1043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. G. Xiao, M. Wang, N. Li, J. A. Loo, and A. E. Nel Use of Proteomics to Demonstrate a Hierarchical Oxidative Stress Response to Diesel Exhaust Particle Chemicals in a Macrophage Cell Line J. Biol. Chem., December 12, 2003; 278(50): 50781 - 50790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Haber, D. Yitzhak, and A. Tsuda Gravitational deposition in a rhythmically expanding and contracting alveolus J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2003; 95(2): 657 - 671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Tobin Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Pollution, Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Transplantation, Pleural Disease, and Lung Cancer in AJRCCM 2002 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2003; 167(3): 356 - 370. [Full Text] [PDF]