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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 164, Number 9, November 2001, 1665-1668

Passage of Intratracheally Instilled Ultrafine Particles from the Lung into the Systemic Circulation in Hamster

A. NEMMAR, H. VANBILLOEN, M. F. HOYLAERTS, P. H. M. HOET, A. VERBRUGGEN, and B. NEMERY

Laboratory of Pneumology (Lung Toxicology), Laboratory of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

The mechanisms of particulate pollution-related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are not well understood. We studied the passage of radioactively labeled ultrafine particles after their intratracheal instillation. Hamsters received a single intratracheal instillation of 100 µg albumin nanocolloid particles (nominal diameter =< 80 nm) labeled with 100 µCi technetium-99m and were killed after 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. In blood, radioactivity, expressed as percentage of total body radioactivity per gram blood, amounted to 2.88 ± 0.80%, 1.30 ± 0.17%, 1.52 ± 0.46%, and 0.21 ± 0.06% at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography showed only one peak of radioactivity corresponding to unaltered 99mTc-albumin nanocolloid. In the liver, radioactivity, expressed as percentage of total radioactivity per organ, amounted to 0.10 ± 0.07%, 0.23 ± 0.06%, 1.24 ± 0.27%, and 0.06 ± 0.02% at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min, respectively. Lower values were observed in the heart, spleen, kidneys, and brain. Dose dependence was assessed at 30 min following instillation of 10 µg and 1 µg 99mTc-albumin per animal (n = 3 at each dose), and values of the same relative magnitudes as after instillation of 100 µg were obtained. We conclude that a significant fraction of 99mTc-albumin, taken as a model of ultrafine particles, rapidly diffuses from the lungs into the systemic circulation.




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