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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 163, Number 1, January 2001, 19-25

Sleep-disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Disease
Cross-sectional Results of the Sleep Heart Health Study

EYAL SHAHAR, CORALYN W. WHITNEY, SUSAN REDLINE, ELISA T. LEE, ANNE B. NEWMAN, F. JAVIER NIETO, GEORGE T. O'CONNOR, LORI L. BOLAND, JOSEPH E. SCHWARTZ, and JONATHAN M. SAMET, for the Sleep Heart Health Study Research Group

Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York

Disordered breathing during sleep is associated with acute, unfavorable effects on cardiovascular physiology, but few studies have examined its postulated association with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined the cross-sectional association between sleep- disordered breathing and self-reported CVD in 6,424 free-living individuals who underwent overnight, unattended polysomnography at home. Sleep-disordered breathing was quantified by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)---the average number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep. Mild to moderate disordered breathing during sleep was highly prevalent in the sample (median AHI: 4.4; interquartile range: 1.3 to 11.0). A total of 1,023 participants (16%) reported at least one manifestation of CVD (myocardial infarction, angina, coronary revascularization procedure, heart failure, or stroke). The multivariable-adjusted relative odds (95% CI) of prevalent CVD for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of the AHI (versus the first) were 0.98 (0.77-1.24), 1.28 (1.02-1.61), and 1.42 (1.13-1.78), respectively. Sleep-disordered breathing was associated more strongly with self-reported heart failure and stroke than with self-reported coronary heart disease: the relative odds (95% CI) of heart failure, stroke, and coronary heart disease (upper versus lower AHI quartile) were 2.38 (1.22-4.62), 1.58 (1.02- 2.46), and 1.27 (0.99-1.62), respectively. These findings are compatible with modest to moderate effects of sleep-disordered breathing on heterogeneous manifestations of CVD within a range of AHI values that are considered normal or only mildly elevated.




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Exp Biol MedHome page
C. Selmi, N. Montano, R. Furlan, C. L. Keen, and M. E. Gershwin
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Exp Biol Med, December 1, 2007; 232(11): 1409 - 1413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ChestHome page
A. Romero-Corral, V. K. Somers, P. A. Pellikka, E. J. Olson, K. R. Bailey, J. Korinek, M. Orban, J. Sierra-Johnson, M. Kato, R. S. Amin, et al.
Decreased Right and Left Ventricular Myocardial Performance in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Chest, December 1, 2007; 132(6): 1863 - 1870.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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NeurologyHome page
S. R. Benbadis and L. Liu
CPAP: A treatment for epilepsy?
Neurology, November 6, 2007; 69(19): 1814 - 1815.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
L. Howitt, K. Kairaitis, J. P. Kirkness, S. R. Garlick, J. R. Wheatley, K. Byth, and T. C. Amis
Oscillatory pressure wave transmission from the upper airway to the carotid artery
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1622 - 1627.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Br J OphthalmolHome page
J. Li, G. McGwin Jr, M. S Vaphiades, and C. Owsley
Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and presumed sleep apnoea syndrome screened by the Sleep Apnea scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SA-SDQ)
Br J Ophthalmol, November 1, 2007; 91(11): 1524 - 1527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
D. Yumino and T. D. Bradley
Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis: Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea the New Kid on the Block?
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2007; 176(7): 634 - 635.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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ChestHome page
N. M. Punjabi, B. A. Beamer, A. Jain, M. E. Spencer, and N. Fedarko
Elevated Levels of Neopterin in Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Chest, October 1, 2007; 132(4): 1124 - 1130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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EuropaceHome page
Authors/Task Force Members, P. E. Vardas, A. Auricchio, J.-J. Blanc, J.-C. Daubert, H. Drexler, H. Ector, M. Gasparini, C. Linde, F. B. Morgado, et al.
Guidelines for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: The Task Force for Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in Collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association
Europace, October 1, 2007; 9(10): 959 - 998.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
W. T. McNicholas
Cardiovascular outcomes of CPAP therapy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2007; 293(4): R1666 - R1670.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
G. Parati, C. Lombardi, and K. Narkiewicz
Sleep apnea: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and relation to cardiovascular risk
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2007; 293(4): R1671 - R1683.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur Heart JHome page
Authors/Task Force Members, P. E. Vardas, A. Auricchio, J.-J. Blanc, J.-C. Daubert, H. Drexler, H. Ector, M. Gasparini, C. Linde, F. B. Morgado, et al.
Guidelines for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: The Task Force for Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in Collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association
Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2007; 28(18): 2256 - 2295.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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ChestHome page
P. Steiropoulos, V. Tsara, E. Nena, C. Fitili, M. Kataropoulou, M. Froudarakis, P. Christaki, and D. Bouros
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment on Serum Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
Chest, September 1, 2007; 132(3): 843 - 851.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ThoraxHome page
Y.-L. Lo, A. S Jordan, A. Malhotra, A. Wellman, R. A Heinzer, M. Eikermann, K. Schory, L. Dover, and D. P White
Influence of wakefulness on pharyngeal airway muscle activity
Thorax, September 1, 2007; 62(9): 799 - 805.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
S. Redline, A. Storfer-Isser, C. L. Rosen, N. L. Johnson, H. L. Kirchner, J. Emancipator, and A. M. Kibler
Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep-disordered Breathing in Adolescents
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2007; 176(4): 401 - 408.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ChestHome page
C. B. Bucca, L. Brussino, A. Battisti, R. Mutani, G. Rolla, L. Mangiardi, and A. Cicolin
Diuretics in Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Diastolic Heart Failure
Chest, August 1, 2007; 132(2): 440 - 446.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ChestHome page
M. L. Stanchina, K. Ellison, A. Malhotra, M. Anderson, M. Kirk, M. E. Benser, C. Tosi, C. Carlisle, R. P. Millman, and A. Buxton
The Impact of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure Patients: A Pilot Study
Chest, August 1, 2007; 132(2): 433 - 439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ChestHome page
S. P. Patil, H. Schneider, A. R. Schwartz, and P. L. Smith
Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Chest, July 1, 2007; 132(1): 325 - 337.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
G. Lorenzi-Filho and L. F. Drager
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Atherosclerosis: A New Paradigm
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 15, 2007; 175(12): 1219 - 1221.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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ThoraxHome page
S. Ryan, G. M Nolan, E. Hannigan, S. Cunningham, C. Taylor, and W. T McNicholas
Cardiovascular risk markers in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and correlation with obesity
Thorax, June 1, 2007; 62(6): 509 - 514.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur Heart JHome page
L. A. Smith, M. Vennelle, R. S. Gardner, T. A. McDonagh, M. A. Denvir, N. J. Douglas, and D. E. Newby
Auto-titrating continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2007; 28(10): 1221 - 1227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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The Diabetes EducatorHome page
E. R. Chasens
Understanding Sleep in Persons With Diabetes
The Diabetes Educator, May 1, 2007; 33(3): 435 - 441.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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The Diabetes EducatorHome page
E. R. Chasens
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Daytime Sleepiness, and Type 2 Diabetes
The Diabetes Educator, May 1, 2007; 33(3): 475 - 482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ChestHome page
L. F. Drager, L. A. Bortolotto, A. C. Figueiredo, B. C. Silva, E. M. Krieger, and G. Lorenzi-Filho
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Hypertension, and Their Interaction on Arterial Stiffness and Heart Remodeling
Chest, May 1, 2007; 131(5): 1379 - 1386.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ChestHome page
V. Patruno, S. Aiolfi, G. Costantino, R. Murgia, C. Selmi, A. Malliani, and N. Montano
Fixed and Autoadjusting Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatments Are Not Similar in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Chest, May 1, 2007; 131(5): 1393 - 1399.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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