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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 162, Number 5, November 2000, 1979-1982

Increased Levels of Interleukin-18 in Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

KATSUNORI SHIGEHARA, NORIHARU SHIJUBO, MITSUHIDE OHMICHI, GEN YAMADA, RYUJI TAKAHASHI, HARUKI OKAMURA, MASASHI KURIMOTO, YOUMEI HIRAGA, TACHIO TATSUNO, SHOSAKU ABE, and NORIYUKI SATO

Third Department of Internal Medicine and First Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido Branch of the Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Department of Respiratory Disease of Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido Railway Company, Sapporo; Laboratory of Host Defense, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical College, Nishinomiya; and Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Fujisaki Institute, Okayama, Japan

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has recently been identified as an interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma )-inducing factor, and it plays an important role in T helper 1 (Th1) response. We measured the serum levels of IL-18 and IFN- gamma  in 37 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and 25 healthy control subjects. We also measured the levels of IL-18 and IFN-gamma in 10-fold concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of 19 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and 9 healthy control subjects (all lifelong nonsmokers). The levels of serum IL-18 and IFN-gamma were significantly increased in patients with sarcoidosis. The levels of BAL fluid IL-18 were significantly elevated in patients with sarcoidosis, however, the IFN-gamma levels of the patients and control subjects were all below sensitivity. Serum IL-18 levels significantly correlated with serum IFN-gamma levels and lysozyme activity. The patients positive for gallium-67 (67Ga) scan had significantly elevated serum IL-18 levels as compared with those of the negative patients. BAL fluid IL-18 levels significantly correlated with serum IL-18 levels in patients with sarcoidosis, and there was a significant correlation between IL-18 levels and lymphocyte proportions in sarcoid BAL fluids. In patients with sarcoidosis, IL-18 seems to induce IFN-gamma production and IL-18 levels in sera may reflect disease activity of sarcoidosis.




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