Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.,
Volume 162, Number 4, October 2000, 1488-1492
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PS) were measured
by the combined infusion of the stable isotopes L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine (Phe) and L-[ring-2H2]tyrosine. Because there is evidence
for specific disturbances in leucine (Leu) metabolism, the PB values were compared with those obtained when infusing L-[1-13C]Leu
tracer. In arterialized-venous plasma and in vastus lateralis muscle,
the isotope enrichment values and amino acid concentrations were measured. Whole-body PS and PB, assessed by Phe and Tyr
tracer, were higher in the COPD group than in the control group
(p < 0.05), indicating an elevated protein turnover. Net PB was increased in both groups, indicating a comparable degree of protein
catabolism in the postabsorptive state. In contrast, whole-body PB
determined by Leu tracer was not different between the groups.
As a consequence, the ratio of Leu to Phe breakdown was reduced
in the COPD group (p < 0.001). Moreover, in the COPD group a
higher muscle-to-plasma gradient was found for Leu (p < 0.001) but
not for Phe. The present study reveals elevated levels for protein turnover in patients with COPD, and indicates that infusion of the Leu
tracer gives a reflection of Leu metabolism but not of whole-body
protein metabolism in these patients.
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  C. Bolton, M. Stone, P. Edwards, J. Duckers, W. Evans, and D. Shale Circulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 and osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic Respiratory Disease, May 1, 2009; 6(2): 81 - 87. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 M. P. Engelen, E. P. Rutten, C. L. De Castro, E. F. Wouters, A. M. Schols, and N. E. Deutz Supplementation of soy protein with branched-chain amino acids alters protein metabolism in healthy elderly and even more in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2007; 85(2): 431 - 439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. E Bolton, R. Broekhuizen, A. A Ionescu, L. S Nixon, E. F M Wouters, D. J Shale, and A. M W J Schols Cellular protein breakdown and systemic inflammation are unaffected by pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD Thorax, February 1, 2007; 62(2): 109 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Nici, C. Donner, E. Wouters, R. Zuwallack, N. Ambrosino, J. Bourbeau, M. Carone, B. Celli, M. Engelen, B. Fahy, et al. American thoracic society/european respiratory society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 15, 2006; 173(12): 1390 - 1413. [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. P. Rutten, F. M. Franssen, M. P. Engelen, E. F. Wouters, N. E. Deutz, and A. M. Schols Greater whole-body myofibrillar protein breakdown in cachectic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2006; 83(4): 829 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. S Hopkinson, K. I Eleftheriou, J. Payne, A. H Nickol, E. Hawe, J. Moxham, H. Montgomery, and M. I Polkey +9/+9 Homozygosity of the bradykinin receptor gene polymorphism is associated with reduced fat-free mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2006; 83(4): 912 - 917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. P. Rutten, M. P. Engelen, E. F. Wouters, A. M. Schols, and N. E. Deutz Metabolic effects of glutamine and glutamate ingestion in healthy subjects and in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2006; 83(1): 115 - 123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Broekhuizen, R. F Grimble, W M. Howell, D. J Shale, E. C Creutzberg, E. F Wouters, and A. M Schols Pulmonary cachexia, systemic inflammatory profile, and the interleukin 1{beta} -511 single nucleotide polymorphism Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2005; 82(5): 1059 - 1064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. P. Engelen, E. P. Rutten, C. L. De Castro, E. F. Wouters, A. M. Schols, and N. E. Deutz Altered interorgan response to feeding in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2005; 82(2): 366 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. Schols, R. Broekhuizen, C. A Weling-Scheepers, and E. F Wouters Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2005; 82(1): 53 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Sethi Musculoskeletal Effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prevalent, Linked, but Ignored Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2004; 170(12): 1267 - 1268. [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. E. Bolton, A. A. Ionescu, K. M. Shiels, R. J. Pettit, P. H. Edwards, M. D. Stone, L. S. Nixon, W. D. Evans, T. L. Griffiths, and D. J. Shale Associated Loss of Fat-free Mass and Bone Mineral Density in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2004; 170(12): 1286 - 1293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R.T. Jagoe and M.P.K.J. Engelen Muscle wasting and changes in muscle protein metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Eur. Respir. J., November 2, 2003; 22(46_suppl): 52s - 63s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A.M.W.J. Schols Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management Eur. Respir. J., November 2, 2003; 22(46_suppl): 81s - 86s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Laghi and M. J. Tobin Disorders of the Respiratory Muscles Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 2003; 168(1): 10 - 48. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. P. Engelen, N. E. Deutz, R. Mostert, E. F. Wouters, and A. M. Schols Response of whole-body protein and urea turnover to exercise differs between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without emphysema Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2003; 77(4): 868 - 874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E F M Wouters Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease * 5: Systemic effects of COPD Thorax, December 1, 2002; 57(12): 1067 - 1070. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Iioka, K. Tatsumi, K. Sugito, T. Moriya, and T. Kuriyama Effects of insulin-like growth factor on nitrogen balance during hypoxic exposure Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2002; 20(2): 293 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 E. F. M. Wouters, E. C. Creutzberg, and A. M. W. J. Schols Systemic Effects in COPD* Chest, May 1, 2002; 121 (2009): 127S - 130S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. J. TOBIN Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Pollution, Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Transplantation, Pleural Disease, and Lung Cancer in AJRCCM 2000 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 15, 2001; 164(10): 1789 - 1804. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. A. EID, A. A. IONESCU, L. S. NIXON, V. LEWIS-JENKINS, S. B. MATTHEWS, T. L. GRIFFITHS, and D. J. SHALE Inflammatory Response and Body Composition in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 15, 2001; 164(8): 1414 - 1418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J.-C. Preiser, J. Berre, A. Van Gossum, L. Cynober, B. Vray, Y. Carpentier, and J.-L. Vincent Metabolic Effects of Arginine Addition to the Enteral Feeding of Critically III Patients JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, July 1, 2001; 25(4): 182 - 187. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 S. L. H. Schiffelers, E. E. Blaak, E. M. Baarends, M. A. Van Baak, W. H. M. Saris, E. F. M. Wouters, and A. M. W. J. Schols {beta}-Adrenoceptor-mediated thermogenesis and lipolysis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2001; 280(2): E357 - E364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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