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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 161, Number 4, April 2000, 1167-1171

Comparison Testing of Current (PPD-S1) and Proposed (PPD-S2) Reference Tuberculin Standards

MARGARITA E. VILLARINO, MICHAEL J. BRENNAN, CHARLES M. NOLAN, ANTONINO CATANZARO, LINDA L. LUNDERGAN, NAOMI N. BOCK, CRYSTAL L. JONES, YONG-CHEN WANG, and WILLIAM J. BURMAN

Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland; Seattle-King County Health Department, Seattle, Washington; University of California, San Diego, California; University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Marion County Health Department, Marion County, Indiana; and Denver Public Health Department, Denver, Colorado

Since 1951, the tuberculin PPD-S1 has been used to standardize commercial PPD reagents and perform special tuberculin surveys. PPD-S1 is now in short supply and a new standard (PPD-S2) has been manufactured. To determine if PPD-S2 is equivalent and can replace PPD-S1, we conducted a double-blind clinical trial. Between May 14 and October 28, 1997, 69 subjects with a history of culture-proven tuberculosis (TB patients) and 1,189 subjects with a very low risk for TB infection were enrolled, received four skin tests (with PPD-S1, PPD-S2, and one each of the commercially available PPDs), and had reactions measured by two trained observers. Among the TB patients, we found statistically indistinguishable immunogenicity (mean reaction size ± standard deviation): 15.6 ± 6.6 mm for PPD-S1 and 14.8 ± 5.6 mm for PPD-S2. Among low-risk subjects, the tests had equally high specificities (PPD-S1, 98.7% and PPD-S2, 98.5%), using a 10-mm cutoff. The number of discordant (negative versus positive) interpretations for PPD-S2, assuming that low-risk subjects who had a >=  10 mm reaction to PPD-S1 were truly infected, was low (0.5%) and indistinguishable from the rate of discordant interpretations of the same test when read by two different observers (0.8%). The study results indicate that PPD-S2 is qualified to be used as the new U.S. reference standard for PPD tuberculin.




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