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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 161, Number 2, February 2000, 475-478

Induced Sputum Cell Counts in Healthy Adults

JOSE BELDA, RICHARD LEIGH, KRISHNAN PARAMESWARAN, PAUL M. O'BYRNE, MALCOLM R. SEARS, and FREDERICK E. HARGREAVE

Asthma Research Group, Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Induced sputum cell counts provide a relatively noninvasive method to evaluate the presence, type, and degree of inflammation in the airways of the lungs. Their interpretation requires a knowledge of normal values from a healthy population. The objective was to examine the total and differential cell counts in induced sputum from a sample of healthy adults. A total of 118 healthy nonsmoking adults were studied. None had asthma or airflow obstruction (negative history, FEV1 >=  80% predicted, ratio of FEV1 to vital capacity [FEV1/VC] >=  80%, methacholine PC20 >=  16 mg/ml). Forty-six were atopic. Sputum induction produced an adequate sample in 96 subjects [53 males, mean age (range) 36 (18 to 60) yr]. The expectorate was processed within 2 h; sputum was selected, treated with dithiothreitol, filtered, and examined in a hemocytometer for total cell count and viability and on Wright-stained cytospins for a differential cell count. The mean, median (90th percentile) total cell count was 4.1, 2.4 (9.7) × 106 cells/g and cell viability was 69.6, 72.0 (89.7)%. The proportions of eosinophils were 0.4, 0.0 (1.1)%, neutrophils 37.5, 36.7 (64.0)%, macrophages 58.8, 60.8 (86.1)%, lymphocytes 1.0, 0.5 (2.6)%, metachromatic cells 0.0, 0.0 (0.04)%, and bronchial epithelial cells 1.6, 0.3 (4.4)%, respectively. Female gender and atopy were associated with a significant elevation of eosinophils; mean difference between male/female was 0.3% (p = 0.043) and between atopic/nonatopic 0.4% (p = 0.024). This study has identified reference values for total and differential cell counts in induced sputum of healthy adults. Belda J, Leigh R, Parameswaran K, O'Byrne PM, Sears MR, Hargreave FE. Induced sputum cell counts in healthy adults.




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