Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 160, Number 6, December 1999, 1934-1942

Induction of Inflammatory Mediators in Human Airway Epithelial Cells by Lipid Ozonation Products

RAMZI M. KAFOURY, WILLIAM A. PRYOR, GIUSEPPE L. SQUADRITO, MARIA GIULIA SALGO, XIAOYAN ZOU, and MITCHELL FRIEDMAN

Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, and Tulane/Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans; and Biodynamics Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

We have proposed that exposure of epithelial cell membrane lipids in the lung (mainly phospholipids) to ozone will generate lipid ozonation products (LOP), which could be responsible for the proinflammatory effects of ozone. The ozonation of phosphocholine, the principal membrane phospholipid, produces a limited number of LOP, including hydroxyhydroperoxides and aldehydes. We now report that exposure of cultured human bronchial epithelial cells to the ozonized 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) product, 1-palmitoyl-2-(9-oxononanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC-ALD), a phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂)-stimulatory LOP, resulted in a 113 ± 11% increase in the amounts of tritiated platelet-activating factor (³H-PAF) released apically. ³H-PAF release was also induced by 1-hydroxy-1-hydroperoxynonane of ozonized POPC (HHP-C9), a phospholipase C (PLC)- stimulatory LOP (134 ± 40% increase in ³H-PAF). PC-ALD at 10 µM, but not HHP-C9, induced a 127 ± 24% increase in prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) release (n = 6, p < 0.05). In contrast, HHP-C9, but not PC-ALD, induced interleukin (IL)-6 release (178 ± 23% increase, n = 6, p < 0.05) and IL-8 release (101 ± 23% increase, n = 8, p < 0.05). These results suggest that LOP-dependent release of proinflammatory mediators may play an important role in the early inflammatory response seen during exposure to ozone. Kafoury RM, Pryor WA, Squadrito GL, Salgo MG, Zou X, Friedman M. Induction of inflammatory mediators in human airway epithelial cells by lipid ozonation products.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. C. Chuang, Z. Yang, D. G. Westbrook, M. Pompilius, C. A. Ballinger, C. R. White, D. M. Krzywanski, E. M. Postlethwait, and S. W. Ballinger Pulmonary ozone exposure induces vascular dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, and atherogenesis Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, August 1, 2009; 297(2): L209 - L216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Damera, H. Zhao, M. Wang, M. Smith, C. Kirby, W. F. Jester, J. A. Lawson, and R. A. Panettieri Jr. Ozone modulates IL-6 secretion in human airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2009; 296(4): L674 - L683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Oslund, D. M. Hyde, L. F. Putney, M. F. Alfaro, W. F. Walby, N. K. Tyler, and E. S. Schelegle Activation of Neurokinin-1 Receptors during Ozone Inhalation Contributes to Epithelial Injury and Repair Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., September 1, 2008; 39(3): 279 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. S. Schelegle, W. F. Walby, and W. C. Adams Time course of ozone-induced changes in breathing pattern in healthy exercising humans J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2007; 102(2): 688 - 697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. A. Pryor, K. N. Houk, C. S. Foote, J. M. Fukuto, L. J. Ignarro, G. L. Squadrito, and K. J. A. Davies Free radical biology and medicine: it's a gas, man! Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): R491 - R511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. D. Savov, G. S. Whitehead, J. Wang, G. Liao, J. Usuka, G. Peltz, W. M. Foster, and D. A. Schwartz Ozone-Induced Acute Pulmonary Injury in Inbred Mouse Strains Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., July 1, 2004; 31(1): 69 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. K. Pulfer and R. C. Murphy Formation of Biologically Active Oxysterols during Ozonolysis of Cholesterol Present in Lung Surfactant J. Biol. Chem., June 18, 2004; 279(25): 26331 - 26338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]