Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.,
Volume 160, Number 5, November 1999, S58-S65
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S65.There is now increasing evidence that an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, in favor of oxidants, occurs
in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evidence is also accumulating that oxidative stress
is a critical event in the pathogenesis of this condition. A large number of studies have demonstrated
an increased oxidant burden and consequently increased markers of oxidative stress in the airspaces,
breath, blood, and urine of smokers and of patients with COPD. There are several events related to
oxidative stress, which are important in the pathogenesis of COPD. These include oxidative inactivation of antiproteinases, airspace epithelial injury, increased sequestration of neutrophils in the pulmonary microvasculature, and gene expression of proinflammatory mediators. Oxidative processes
have a fundamental role in the inflammation of smokers and patients with COPD, through redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-
B and AP-1, which regulate the genes for proinflammatory
mediators and protective mechanisms, such as antioxidant gene expression. In addition to the oxidative stress produced by cigarette smoking, dietary deficiency in antioxidants is related to the development of airflow limitation, and hence dietary supplementation may be a beneficial therapeutic intervention in this condition. The use of antioxidants with good bioavailability or molecules that have
antioxidant enzyme activity may be treatments that not only protect against the direct injurious effects of oxidants, but may fundamentally alter the inflammatory events that are thought to play an
important part in the pathogenesis of COPD. MacNee W, Rahman I. Oxidants and antioxidants
as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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  A. Rinna and H. J. Forman SHP-1 Inhibition by 4-Hydroxynonenal Activates Jun N-Terminal Kinase and Glutamate Cysteine Ligase Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., July 1, 2008; 39(1): 97 - 104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 W. C. Bailey and D. P. Tashkin Pharmacologic Therapy: Novel Approaches for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Proceedings of the ATS, October 1, 2007; 4(7): 543 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M.-C. L. Machado, J. A. Krishnan, S. A. Buist, A. L. Bilderback, G. P. Fazolo, M. G. Santarosa, F. Queiroga Jr., and W. M. Vollmer Sex Differences in Survival of Oxygen-dependent Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2006; 174(5): 524 - 529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. M. Tuder, T. Yoshida, W. Arap, R. Pasqualini, and I. Petrache State of the Art. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Alveolar Destruction in Emphysema: An Evolutionary Perspective Proceedings of the ATS, August 1, 2006; 3(6): 503 - 510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. J. Baglole, S. M. Bushinsky, T. M. Garcia, A. Kode, I. Rahman, P. J. Sime, and R. P. Phipps Differential induction of apoptosis by cigarette smoke extract in primary human lung fibroblast strains: implications for emphysema Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): L19 - L29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. A. C. van Helvoort, Y. F. Heijdra, L. M. A. Heunks, P. L. M. Meijer, W. Ruitenbeek, H. M. H. Thijs, and P. N. R. Dekhuijzen Supplemental Oxygen Prevents Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress in Muscle-wasted Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2006; 173(10): 1122 - 1129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Juul, A. Tybjaerg-Hansen, S. Marklund, P. Lange, and B. G. Nordestgaard Genetically Increased Antioxidative Protection and Decreased Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2006; 173(8): 858 - 864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Iizuka, Y. Ishii, K. Itoh, T. Kiwamoto, T. Kimura, Y. Matsuno, Y. Morishima, A. E. Hegab, S. Homma, A. Nomura, et al. Nrf2-deficient mice are highly susceptible to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema Genes Cells, December 1, 2005; 10(12): 1113 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M Decramer, R Gosselink, P Bartsch, C-G Lofdahl, W Vincken, R Dekhuijzen, J Vestbo, R Pauwels, R Naeije, and T Troosters Effect of treatments on the progression of COPD: report of a workshop held in Leuven, 11-12 March 2004 Thorax, April 1, 2005; 60(4): 343 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N.C. Thomson, R. Chaudhuri, and E. Livingston Asthma and cigarette smoking Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2004; 24(5): 822 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Koechlin, A. Couillard, D. Simar, J. P. Cristol, H. Bellet, M. Hayot, and C. Prefaut Does Oxidative Stress Alter Quadriceps Endurance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2004; 169(9): 1022 - 1027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Koechlin, A. Couillard, J.P. Cristol, P. Chanez, M. Hayot, D. Le Gallais, and C. Prefaut Does systemic inflammation trigger local exercise-induced oxidative stress in COPD? Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2004; 23(4): 538 - 544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Fogarty, E. Broadfield, S. Lewis, N. Lawson, and J. Britton Amino acids and asthma: a case-control study Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2004; 23(4): 565 - 568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P.N.R. Dekhuijzen Antioxidant properties of N-acetylcysteine: their relevance in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2004; 23(4): 629 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A.W. Boots, G.R.M.M. Haenen, and A. Bast Oxidant metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Eur. Respir. J., November 2, 2003; 22(46_suppl): 14S - 27s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. M. Tuder, L. Zhen, C. Y. Cho, L. Taraseviciene-Stewart, Y. Kasahara, D. Salvemini, N. F. Voelkel, and S. C. Flores Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Interact and Cause Emphysema Due to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Blockade Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., July 1, 2003; 29(1): 88 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. V. Culpitt, D. F. Rogers, P. Shah, C. De Matos, R. E. K. Russell, L. E. Donnelly, and P. J. Barnes Impaired Inhibition by Dexamethasone of Cytokine Release by Alveolar Macrophages from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 1, 2003; 167(1): 24 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Kolleck, P. Sinha, and B. Rustow Vitamin E as an Antioxidant of the Lung: Mechanisms of Vitamin E Delivery to Alveolar Type II Cells Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2002; 166(12): S62 - 66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. E. K. Russell, A. Thorley, S. V. Culpitt, S. Dodd, L. E. Donnelly, C. Demattos, M. Fitzgerald, and P. J. Barnes Alveolar macrophage-mediated elastolysis: roles of matrix metalloproteinases, cysteine, and serine proteases Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): L867 - L873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Di Stefano, G. Caramori, T. Oates, A. Capelli, M. Lusuardi, I. Gnemmi, F. Ioli, K.F. Chung, C.F. Donner, P.J. Barnes, et al. Increased expression of nuclear factor-{kappa}B in bronchial biopsies from smokers and patients with COPD Eur. Respir. J., September 1, 2002; 20(3): 556 - 563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. J. Schunemann, S. McCann, B. J. B. Grant, M. Trevisan, P. Muti, and J. L. Freudenheim Lung Function in Relation to Intake of Carotenoids and Other Antioxidant Vitamins in a Population-based Study Am. J. Epidemiol., March 1, 2002; 155(5): 463 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. CAVARRA, B. BARTALESI, M. LUCATTELLI, S. FINESCHI, B. LUNGHI, F. GAMBELLI, L. A. ORTIZ, P. A. MARTORANA, and G. LUNGARELLA Effects of Cigarette Smoke in Mice with Different Levels of alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor and Sensitivity to Oxidants Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2001; 164(5): 886 - 890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. S. Gilmour, I. Rahman, S. Hayashi, J. C. Hogg, K. Donaldson, and W. MacNee Adenoviral E1A primes alveolar epithelial cells to PM10-induced transcription of interleukin-8 Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): L598 - L606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Horvath, W. MacNee, F.J. Kelly, P.N.R. Dekhuijzen, M. Phillips, G. Doring, A.M.K. Choi, M. Yamaya, F.H. Bach, D. Willis, et al. "Haemoxygenase-1 induction and exhaled markers of oxidative stress in lung diseases", summary of the ERS Research Seminar in Budapest, Hungary, September, 1999 Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2001; 18(2): 420 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. J. SCHÜNEMANN, B. J. B. GRANT, J. L. FREUDENHEIM, P. MUTI, R. W. BROWNE, J. A. DRAKE, R. A. KLOCKE, and M. TREVISAN The Relation of Serum Levels of Antioxidant Vitamins C and E, Retinol and Carotenoids with Pulmonary Function in the General Population Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2001; 163(5): 1246 - 1255. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Decramer, P.N.R. Dekhuijzen, T. Troosters, C. van Herwaarden, M. Rutten-van Molken, C.P.O. van Schayck, D. Olivieri, I. Lankhorst, and A. Ardia The Bronchitis Randomized On NAC Cost-Utility Study (BRONCUS): hypothesis and design Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2001; 17(3): 329 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Z. Wang, T. Zheng, Z. Zhu, R. J. Homer, R. J. Riese, H. A. Chapman , Jr., S. D. Shapiro, and J. A. Elias Interferon {{gamma}} Induction of Pulmonary Emphysema in the Adult Murine Lung J. Exp. Med., December 4, 2000; 192(11): 1587 - 1600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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