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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 160, Number 2, August 1999, 711-717

CD8+ve Cells in the Lungs of Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

MARINA SAETTA, SIMONETTA BARALDO, LAURA CORBINO, GRAZIELLA TURATO, FAUSTO BRACCIONI, FEDERICO REA, GIORGIO CAVALLESCO, GIUSEPPE TROPEANO, CRISTINA E. MAPP, PIERO MAESTRELLI, ADALBERTO CIACCIA, and LEONARDO M. FABBRI

Institute of Occupational Medicine and Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Padova, Padova; and Institute of Respiratory Diseases and Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Previous studies have shown an increased number of inflammatory cells and, in particular, CD8+ve cells in the airways of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study we investigated whether a similar inflammatory process is also present in the lungs, and particularly in lung parenchyma and pulmonary arteries. We examined surgical specimens from three groups of subjects undergoing lung resection for localized pulmonary lesions: nonsmokers (n = 8), asymptomatic smokers with normal lung function (n = 6), and smokers with COPD (n = 10). Alveolar walls and pulmonary arteries were examined with immunohistochemical methods to identify neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages, and CD4+ve and CD8+ve cells. Smokers with COPD had an increased number of CD8+ve cells in both lung parenchyma (p < 0.05) and pulmonary arteries (p < 0.001) as compared with nonsmokers. CD8+ve cells were also increased in pulmonary arteries of smokers with COPD as compared with smokers with normal lung function (p < 0.01). Other inflammatory cells were no different among the three groups. The number of CD8+ve cells in both lung parenchyma and pulmonary arteries was significantly correlated with the degree of airflow limitation in smokers. These results show that an inflammatory process similar to that present in the conducting airways is also present in lung parenchyma and pulmonary arteries of smokers with COPD.




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A. A. Floreani, T. A. Wyatt, J. Stoner, S. D. Sanderson, E. G. Thompson, D. Allen-Gipson, and A. J. Heires
Smoke and C5a Induce Airway Epithelial Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Cell Adhesion
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., October 1, 2003; 29(4): 472 - 482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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K. Aoshiba, N. Yokohori, and A. Nagai
Alveolar Wall Apoptosis Causes Lung Destruction and Emphysematous Changes
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., May 1, 2003; 28(5): 555 - 562.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
A.G.N. Agusti, A. Noguera, J. Sauleda, E. Sala, J. Pons, and X. Busquets
Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Eur. Respir. J., February 1, 2003; 21(2): 347 - 360.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
H. Kanazawa, K. Hirata, and J. Yoshikawa
Accelerated Decline of Lung Function in COPD Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Preliminary Study Based on Small Numbers of Patients
Chest, February 1, 2003; 123(2): 596 - 599.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ThoraxHome page
K Amin, A Ekberg-Jansson, C-G Lofdahl, and P Venge
Relationship between inflammatory cells and structural changes in the lungs of asymptomatic and never smokers: a biopsy study
Thorax, February 1, 2003; 58(2): 135 - 142.
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M J Leckie, G R Jenkins, J Khan, S J Smith, C Walker, P J Barnes, and T T Hansel
Sputum T lymphocytes in asthma, COPD and healthy subjects have the phenotype of activated intraepithelial T cells (CD69+ CD103+)
Thorax, January 1, 2003; 58(1): 23 - 29.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
J. H. Vernooy, M. Kucukaycan, J. A. Jacobs, N. H. Chavannes, W. A. Buurman, M. A. Dentener, and E. F. Wouters
Local and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors Are Increased in Sputum
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2002; 166(9): 1218 - 1224.
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R. E. K. Russell, A. Thorley, S. V. Culpitt, S. Dodd, L. E. Donnelly, C. Demattos, M. Fitzgerald, and P. J. Barnes
Alveolar macrophage-mediated elastolysis: roles of matrix metalloproteinases, cysteine, and serine proteases
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): L867 - L873.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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T. Harju, R. Kaarteenaho-Wiik, Y. Soini, R. Sormunen, and V. L. Kinnula
Diminished Immunoreactivity of {gamma}-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase in the Airways of Smokers' Lung
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2002; 166(5): 754 - 759.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M J Gizycki, K L Hattotuwa, N Barnes, and P K Jeffery
Effects of fluticasone propionate on inflammatory cells in COPD: an ultrastructural examination of endobronchial biopsy tissue
Thorax, September 1, 2002; 57(9): 799 - 803.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
S. M. Scharf, M. Iqbal, C. Keller, G. Criner, S. Lee, and H. E. Fessler
Hemodynamic Characterization of Patients with Severe Emphysema
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2002; 166(3): 314 - 322.
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G. Turato, R. Zuin, M. Miniati, S. Baraldo, F. Rea, B. Beghe, S. Monti, B. Formichi, P. Boschetto, S. Harari, et al.
Airway Inflammation in Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Relationship with Lung Function and Radiologic Emphysema
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 2002; 166(1): 105 - 110.
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K. L. Hattotuwa, M. J. Gizycki, T. W. Ansari, P. K. Jeffery, and N. C. Barnes
The Effects of Inhaled Fluticasone on Airway Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Biopsy Study
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 15, 2002; 165(12): 1592 - 1596.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
S. V. Culpitt, C. de Matos, R. E. Russell, L. E. Donnelly, D. F. Rogers, and P. J. Barnes
Effect of Theophylline on Induced Sputum Inflammatory Indices and Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2002; 165(10): 1371 - 1376.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
M. Saetta, M. Mariani, P. Panina-Bordignon, G. Turato, C. Buonsanti, S. Baraldo, C. M. Bellettato, A. Papi, L. Corbetta, R. Zuin, et al.
Increased Expression of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligand CXCL10 in Peripheral Airways of Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2002; 165(10): 1404 - 1409.
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W. I. de Boer
Cytokines and Therapy in COPD* : A Promising Combination?
Chest, May 1, 2002; 121 (2009): 209S - 218S.
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T. L. CROXTON, G. G. WEINMANN, R. M. SENIOR, and J. R. HOIDAL
Future Research Directions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 15, 2002; 165(6): 838 - 844.
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 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
J. H. J. Vernooy, M. A. Dentener, R. J. van Suylen, W. A. Buurman, and E. F. M. Wouters
Long-Term Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure in Mice Results in Chronic Lung Inflammation and Persistent Pathology
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., January 1, 2002; 26(1): 152 - 159.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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P. MAESTRELLI, M. SAETTA, C. E. MAPP, and L. M. FABBRI
Remodeling in Response to Infection and Injury . Airway Inflammation and Hypersecretion of Mucus in Smoking Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 15, 2001; 164(10): S76 - 80.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
P. MAESTRELLI, A. H. EL MESSLEMANI, O. DE FINA, Y. NOWICKI, M. SAETTA, C. MAPP, and L. M. FABBRI
Increased Expression of Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 in Alveolar Spaces and HO-2 in Alveolar Walls of Smokers
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 15, 2001; 164(8): 1508 - 1513.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
D. D'AMBROSIO, M. MARIANI, P. PANINA-BORDIGNON, and F. SINIGAGLIA
Chemokines and Their Receptors Guiding T Lymphocyte Recruitment in Lung Inflammation
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2001; 164(7): 1266 - 1275.
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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
R. KESSLER, M. FALLER, E. WEITZENBLUM, A. CHAOUAT, A. AYKUT, A. DUCOLONE, M. EHRHART, and M. OSWALD-MAMMOSSER
""Natural History"" of Pulmonary Hypertension in a Series of 131 Patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 15, 2001; 164(2): 219 - 224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. Saetta and G. Turato
Airway pathology in asthma
Eur. Respir. J., July 2, 2001; 18(34_suppl): 18S - 23s.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
M. SAETTA, G. TURATO, P. MAESTRELLI, C. E. MAPP, and L. M. FABBRI
Cellular and Structural Bases of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2001; 163(6): 1304 - 1309.
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 JEMHome page
Z. Wang, T. Zheng, Z. Zhu, R. J. Homer, R. J. Riese, H. A. Chapman Jr., S. D. Shapiro, and J. A. Elias
Interferon {gamma} Induction of Pulmonary Emphysema in the Adult Murine Lung
J. Exp. Med., December 4, 2000; 192(11): 1587 - 1600.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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H. A. Chapman Jr. and G.-P. Shi
Protease Injury in the Development of COPD : Thomas A. Neff Lecture
Chest, May 1, 2000; 117 (2009): 295S - 299S.
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P. T. Diaz, M. A. King, E. R. Pacht, M. D. Wewers, J. E. Gadek, H. N. Nagaraja, J. Drake, and T. L. Clanton
Increased Susceptibility to Pulmonary Emphysema among HIV-Seropositive Smokers
Ann Intern Med, March 7, 2000; 132(5): 369 - 372.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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