Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 160, Number 2, August 1999, 663-671

Role of Peroxynitrite in Airway Microvascular Hyperpermeability during Late Allergic Phase in Guinea Pigs

HISATOSHI SUGIURA, MASAKAZU ICHINOSE, TATSUYA OYAKE, YASUFUMI MASHITO, YUZURU OHUCHI, NAOMI ENDOH, MOTOHIKO MIURA, SHUNSUKE YAMAGATA, AKIRA KOARAI, TAKAAKI AKAIKE, HIROSHI MAEDA, and KUNIO SHIRATO

First Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai; and Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan

We investigated the role of peroxynitrite, which is formed by a rapid reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O₂), in the airway microvascular hyperpermeability during the late allergic response (LAR) in sensitized guinea pigs in vivo. The occurrence of LAR was assessed as a 100% increase in the transpulmonary pressure, which was monitored by the esophageal catheter technique. Airway microvascular permeability was assessed by Monastral blue dye trapping between the endothelium using an image analyzer. In the LAR phase (4 to 6 h after antigen inhalation), microvascular hyperpermeability and eosinophil infiltration within the airway wall were observed. NO production and xanthine oxidase (XO)/xanthine dehydrogenase activity, which are responsible for O₂ production, were enhanced during the LAR. Peroxynitrite formation assessed by nitrotyrosine immunostaining was also exaggerated at that time. The microvascular hyperpermeability during the LAR was largely reduced by NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME, 72.7% inhibition; p < 0.05), XO inhibitor (AHPP, 60.8% inhibition; p < 0.05) and peroxynitrite scavenger (ebselen, 81.0% inhibition; p < 0.05). L-NAME had a small but significant inhibitory effect on airway eosinophil accumulation, but AHPP and ebselen had no effect. These results suggest that excessive production of O₂ and NO occurs in the LAR. These two molecules appear to cause airway microvascular hyperpermeability via peroxynitrite formation.

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