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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 160, Number 2, August 1999, 600-607

Inhaled Prostacyclin and Iloprost in Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Lung Fibrosis

HORST OLSCHEWSKI, H. ARDESCHIR GHOFRANI, DIETER WALMRATH, RALPH SCHERMULY, BETTINA TEMMESFELD-WOLLBRÜCK, FRIEDRICH GRIMMINGER, and WERNER SEEGER

Depatment of Internal Medicine II, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany

Pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening complication of lung fibrosis. Vasodilator therapy is difficult owing to systemic side effects and pulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch. We compared the effects of intravenous prostacyclin and inhaled NO and aerosolized prostacyclin in randomized order and, in addition, tested for effects of oxygen and systemic calcium antagonists (CAAs) in eight patients with lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Aerosolized prostaglandin (PG)I2 caused preferential pulmonary vasodilatation with a decrease in mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 44.1 ± 4.2 to 31.6 ± 3.1 mm Hg, and pulmonary vascular resistance (RL) from 810 ± 226 to 386 ± 69 dyn · s · cm-5 (p < 0.05, respectively). Systemic arterial pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and pulmonary right-to-left shunt flow, measured by multiple inert gas analysis, were not significantly changed. Inhaled NO similarly resulted in selective pulmonary vasodilatation, with RL decreasing from 726 ± 217 to 458 ± 81 dyn · s · cm-5. In contrast, both intravenous PGI2 and CAAs were not pulmonary selective, resulting in a significant drop in arterial pressure. In addition, PGI2 infusion caused a marked increase in shunt flow. Long-term therapy with aerosolized iloprost (long-acting PGI2 analog) resulted in unequivocal clinical improvement from a state of immobilization and severe resting dyspnea in a patient with decompensated right heart failure. We concluded that, in pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung fibrosis, aerosolization of PGI2 or iloprost causes marked pulmonary vasodilatation with maintenance of gas exchange and systemic arterial pressure. Long-term therapy with inhaled iloprost may be life saving in decompensated right heart failure from pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung fibrosis.




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