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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 159, Number 1, January 1999, 179-187

Spirometric Reference Values from a Sample of the General U.S. Population

JOHN L. HANKINSON, JOHN R. ODENCRANTZ, and KATHLEEN B. FEDAN

Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia

Spirometric reference values for Caucasians, African-Americans, and Mexican-Americans 8 to 80 yr of age were developed from 7,429 asymptomatic, lifelong nonsmoking participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Spirometry examinations followed the 1987 American Thoracic Society recommendations, and the quality of the data was continuously monitored and maintained. Caucasian subjects had higher mean FVC and FEV1 values than did Mexican-American and African-American subjects across the entire age range. However, Caucasian and Mexican-American subjects had similar FVC and FEV1 values with respect to height, and African-American subjects had lower values. These differences may be partially due to differences in body build: observed Mexican-Americans were shorter than Caucasian subjects of the same age, and African-Americans on average have a smaller trunk:leg ratio than do Caucasians. Reference values and lower limits of normal were derived using a piecewise polynomial model with age and height as predictors. These reference values encompass a wide age range for three race/ethnic groups and should prove useful for diagnostic and research purposes.




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The impact of the 2004 NICE guideline and 2003 General Medical Services contract on COPD in primary care in the UK
QJM, February 1, 2008; 101(2): 145 - 153.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
S. Stanojevic, A. Wade, J. Stocks, J. Hankinson, A. L. Coates, H. Pan, M. Rosenthal, M. Corey, P. Lebecque, and T. J. Cole
Reference Ranges for Spirometry Across All Ages: A New Approach
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2008; 177(3): 253 - 260.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
D. A. Kaminsky, C. G. Irvin, L. K. A. Lundblad, J. Thompson-Figueroa, J. Klein, M. J. Sullivan, F. Flynn, S. Lang, L. Bourassa, S. Burns, et al.
Heterogeneity of bronchoconstriction does not distinguish mild asthmatic subjects from healthy controls when supine
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2008; 104(1): 10 - 19.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
R. E. Walter, J. B. Wilk, M. G. Larson, R. S. Vasan, J. F. Keaney Jr, I. Lipinska, G. T. O'Connor, and E. J. Benjamin
Systemic Inflammation and COPD: The Framingham Heart Study
Chest, January 1, 2008; 133(1): 19 - 25.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
A. C.-W. Lau, M. S.-M. Ip, C. K.-W. Lai, K.-L. Choo, K.-S. Tang, L. Y.-C. Yam, and M. Chan-Yeung
Variability of the Prevalence of Undiagnosed Airflow Obstruction in Smokers Using Different Diagnostic Criteria
Chest, January 1, 2008; 133(1): 42 - 48.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
N. P. Ly, M. E. Soto-Quiros, L. Avila, G. M. Hunninghake, B. A. Raby, D. Laskey, J. S. Sylvia, and J. C. Celedon
Paternal Asthma, Mold Exposure, and Increased Airway Responsiveness Among Children With Asthma in Costa Rica
Chest, January 1, 2008; 133(1): 107 - 114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
A. J Rovner, V. A Stallings, J. I Schall, M. B Leonard, and B. S Zemel
Vitamin D insufficiency in children, adolescents, and young adults with cystic fibrosis despite routine oral supplementation
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2007; 86(6): 1694 - 1699.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc Am Thorac SocHome page
S. M. Kennedy, R. Chambers, W. Du, and H. Dimich-Ward
Environmental and Occupational Exposures: Do They Affect Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Differently in Women and Men?
Proceedings of the ATS, December 1, 2007; 4(8): 692 - 694.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
G. Zhai, A. M. Valdes, L. Cherkas, G. Clement, D. Strachan, and T. D. Spector
The Interaction of Genes and Smoking on Forced Expiratory Volume: A Classic Twin Study
Chest, December 1, 2007; 132(6): 1772 - 1777.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
M. J. Hegewald and R. O. Crapo
Socioeconomic Status and Lung Function
Chest, November 1, 2007; 132(5): 1608 - 1614.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
R. P. Benzo, S. Paramesh, S. A. Patel, W. A. Slivka, and F. C. Sciurba
Optimal Protocol Selection for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Severe COPD
Chest, November 1, 2007; 132(5): 1500 - 1505.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
R. A. Wise, J. G. Teeter, R. L. Jensen, R. D. England, P. F. Schwartz, D. R. Giles, R. C. Ahrens, N. R. MacIntyre, R. J. Riese, and R. O. Crapo
Standardization of the Single-Breath Diffusing Capacity in a Multicenter Clinical Trial
Chest, October 1, 2007; 132(4): 1191 - 1197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
K. Hill, S. C. Jenkins, D. L. Philippe, K. L. Shepherd, D. R. Hillman, and P. R. Eastwood
Comparison of incremental and constant load tests of inspiratory muscle endurance in COPD
Eur. Respir. J., September 1, 2007; 30(3): 479 - 486.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
H. Allayee, J. Hartiala, W. Lee, M. Mehrabian, C. G. Irvin, D. V. Conti, and J. J. Lima
The Effect of Montelukast and Low-Dose Theophylline on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Asthmatics
Chest, September 1, 2007; 132(3): 868 - 874.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
B. Lamprecht, L. Schirnhofer, F. Tiefenbacher, B. Kaiser, S. A. Buist, M. Studnicka, and P. Enright
Six-Second Spirometry for Detection of Airway Obstruction: A Population-based Study in Austria
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2007; 176(5): 460 - 464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ThoraxHome page
A. Johannessen, E. R Omenaas, G. E. Eide, P. S Bakke, and A. Gulsvik
Feasible and simple exclusion criteria for pulmonary reference populations
Thorax, September 1, 2007; 62(9): 792 - 798.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ThoraxHome page
D. L DeMeo, R. A Sandhaus, A. F Barker, M. L Brantly, E. Eden, N G. McElvaney, S. Rennard, E. Burchard, J. M Stocks, J. K Stoller, et al.
Determinants of airflow obstruction in severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Thorax, September 1, 2007; 62(9): 806 - 813.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur Respir JHome page
P. Shirtcliffe, M. Weatherall, S. Marsh, J. Travers, A. Hansell, A. McNaughton, S. Aldington, H. Muellerova, and R. Beasley
COPD prevalence in a random population survey: a matter of definition
Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2007; 30(2): 232 - 239.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
F. Cardoso, A. T. Tufanin, M. Colucci, O. Nascimento, and J. R. Jardim
Replacement of the 6-min Walk Test With Maximal Oxygen Consumption in the BODE Index Applied to Patients With COPD: An Equivalency Study
Chest, August 1, 2007; 132(2): 477 - 482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
M. T. Dransfield, G. R. Washko, M. G. Foreman, R. S. J. Estepar, J. Reilly, and W. C. Bailey
Gender Differences in the Severity of CT Emphysema in COPD
Chest, August 1, 2007; 132(2): 464 - 470.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
F. J. Martinez, J. L. Curtis, F. Sciurba, J. Mumford, N. D. Giardino, G. Weinmann, E. Kazerooni, S. Murray, G. J. Criner, D. D. Sin, et al.
Sex Differences in Severe Pulmonary Emphysema
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2007; 176(3): 243 - 252.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
R. P. Baughman, B. K. Sparkman, and E. E. Lower
Six-Minute Walk Test and Health Status Assessment in Sarcoidosis
Chest, July 1, 2007; 132(1): 207 - 213.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Occup. Environ. Med.Home page
K. Sircar, E. Hnizdo, E. Petsonk, and M. Attfield
Decline in lung function and mortality: implications for medical monitoring
Occup. Environ. Med., July 1, 2007; 64(7): 461 - 466.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
M. G. McBride, P. M. Kirshbom, J. W. Gaynor, R. F. Ittenbach, G. Wernovsky, R. R. Clancy, T. B. Flynn, D. M. Hartman, T. L. Spray, R. E. Tanel, et al.
Late cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal exercise performance after repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection during infancy
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 2007; 133(6): 1533 - 1539.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NEJMHome page
The American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Rese
Randomized Comparison of Strategies for Reducing Treatment in Mild Persistent Asthma
N. Engl. J. Med., May 17, 2007; 356(20): 2027 - 2039.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
N. C. Battle, S. Choudhry, H.-J. Tsai, C. Eng, G. Kumar, K. B. Beckman, M. Naqvi, K. Meade, H. G. Watson, M. LeNoir, et al.
Ethnicity-specific Gene-Gene Interaction between IL-13 and IL-4R{alpha} among African Americans with Asthma
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2007; 175(9): 881 - 887.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
G. Izbicki, R. Chavko, G. I. Banauch, M. D. Weiden, K. I. Berger, T. K. Aldrich, C. Hall, K. J. Kelly, and D. J. Prezant
World Trade Center "Sarcoid-Like" Granulomatous Pulmonary Disease in New York City Fire Department Rescue Workers
Chest, May 1, 2007; 131(5): 1414 - 1423.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
R. Jiang, D. C. Paik, J. L. Hankinson, and R. G. Barr
Cured Meat Consumption, Lung Function, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among United States Adults
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2007; 175(8): 798 - 804.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ChestHome page
J. B. Soriano, D. D. Sin, X. Zhang, P. G. Camp, J. A. Anderson, N. R. Anthonisen, A. S. Buist, P. S. Burge, P. M. Calverley, J. E. Connett, et al.
A Pooled Analysis of FEV1 Decline in COPD Patients Randomized to Inhaled Corticosteroids or Placebo
Chest, March 1, 2007; 131(3): 682 - 689.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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