Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 158, Number 5, November 1998, 1557-1565

Measurement of Symptoms, Lung Hyperinflation, and Endurance during Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

DENIS E. O'DONNELL, MIU LAM, and KATHERINE A. WEBB

Respiratory Investigation Unit, Departments of Medicine, and Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Changes in lung hyperinflation, dyspnea, and exercise endurance are important outcomes in assessing therapeutic responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, we studied the reproducibility of Borg dyspnea ratings, inspiratory capacity (IC; to monitor lung hyperinflation), and endurance time during constant-load symptom-limited cycle exercise in 29 patients with COPD (FEV₁ = 40 ± 2% predicted; mean ± SEM). Responsiveness was also studied by determining the acute effects of nebulized 500 µg ipratropium bromide (IB) or saline placebo (P) on these measurements. During each of four visits conducted over an 8-wk period, spirometry and exercise testing were performed before and 1 h after receiving IB or P (randomized, double-blinded). Highly reproducible measurements included: endurance time (intraclass correlation R = 0.77, p < 0.0001); Borg ratings and IC at rest, at a standardized exercise time (STD), and at peak exercise (R > 0.6, p < 0.0001); and slopes of Borg ratings over time, oxygen consumption ( O₂), and ventilation (R > 0.6, p < 0.0001). Responsiveness was confirmed by finding a significant drug effect for: change () in endurance time (p = 0.0001); Borg_STD and Borg-time slopes (p < 0.05); and IC at rest, at STD, and at peak exercise (p = 0.0001). With all completed visits, Borg_STD correlated better with IC_STD than any other resting or exercise parameter (n = 115, r = 0.35, p < 0.001). We concluded that Borg dyspnea ratings, and measurements of IC and endurance time during submaximal cycle exercise testing are highly reproducible and responsive to change in severe COPD.

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