Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 158, Number 1, July 1998, 77-83

Noninvasive Monitoring of Cardiac Output in Critically Ill Patients Using Transesophageal Doppler

BRUNO VALTIER, BERNARD P. CHOLLEY, JEAN-PIERRE BELOT, JEAN-EMMANUEL de la COUSSAYE, JOAQUIM MATEO, and DIDIER M. PAYEN

Department of Anesthesiology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris; Medical Intensive Care, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes; and Department of Anesthesiology, Nîmes, France

Measurement of cardiac output using thermodilution technique in mechanically ventilated patients is associated with significant morbidity. The goal of the present study was to assess the validity of cardiac output measurement using transesophageal Doppler in critically ill patients. Forty-six patients from three different intensive care units underwent 136 paired cardiac output measurements using thermodilution (CO_TH) and transesophageal Doppler (CO_TED). In addition, simultaneous suprasternal Doppler and indirect calorimetry (Fick principle) were used to measure cardiac output in 26 patients from one center. A good correlation was found between CO_TH and CO_TED (r = 0.95), with a small systematic underestimation (bias = 0.24 L/min) using transesophageal Doppler. The limits of agreement between CO_TH and CO_TED were +2 L/min and 1.5 L/min. Variations in cardiac output between two consecutive measures using either transesophageal Doppler or thermodilution techniques were similar in direction and magnitude (bias = 0 L/min; limits of agreement = ±1.7 L/min). Suprasternal Doppler and indirect calorimetry yielded similar correlations and agreements in the subset of patients in whom they were used. These results confirm that transesophageal Doppler can provide a noninvasive, clinically useful estimate of cardiac output and detect hemodynamic changes in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients.

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