Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 156, Number 5, November 1997, 1421-1428

The Effect of Segmental Bronchoprovocation with Allergen on Airway Lymphocyte Function

ELIZABETH A. BECKY KELLY, RAYMOND R. RODRIGUEZ, WILLIAM W. BUSSE, and NIZAR N. JARJOUR

Department of Medicine, University Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin

We hypothesized that allergen-induced airway eosinophilia is linked to activation or recruitment of T cells in the airway and generation of interleukin-5 (IL-5). To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed bronchoscopy with segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in 12 atopic subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done 5 min and 48 h after challenge with saline or antigen. Airway cells were isolated and then stimulated ex vivo with a T-cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and cytokine release was determined. Cells retrieved from the saline-challenged segment secreted principally interferon- (IFN-) and IL-2. In contrast, cells obtained 48 h after allergen challenge secreted high levels of IL-5 and small but increased amounts of IL-4, IL-10, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Although CD4⁺ T cells were a major source of IL-5, there were no significant changes in the relative proportion of CD4⁺ cells in response to bronchoprovocation. Additionally, ex vivo secretion of IL-5 by airway cells correlated closely with amounts of IL-5 and eosinophils present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). These observations suggest that following exposure to allergen, airway T cells are functionally but not phenotypically different from resident airway T cells, and that T cells within the airway contribute to eosinophilic airway inflammation through the secretion of IL-5.

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