LM Teran, SL Johnston, JM Schroder, MK Church and ST Holgate
University Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.

Neutrophil infiltration is a major feature in the pathogenesis of the common cold, and respiratory viral infection is the major cause of asthma exacerbations. The factors regulating the neutrophil influx are unknown. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant, which has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the presence of IL-8 chemokine in the nasal aspirates of asthmatic children (n = 12) in whom asthma was precipitated by proven viral infection. There were increased IL-8 levels in nasal aspirates from children during the virus-induced asthma exacerbations compared with samples from the same children when they had been asymptomatic for 2 wk (medians 863 and < 20 pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.01). Biological relevance was shown in that IL-8 levels correlate with increased nasal aspirate neutrophil myeloperoxidase levels and there was also a correlation between myeloperoxidase levels and upper respiratory symptom severity. Furthermore, we purified IL-8 from these samples, and demonstrated biological neutrophil chemotactic activity. These are the first in vivo data to suggest an important role for IL-8 in neutrophil influx in proven upper respiratory viral infection associated with asthma exacerbations. We suggest that IL-8 might provide a target for therapeutic intervention in virus-induced respiratory diseases.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. Santiago, J. L. Hernandez-Cruz, M. E. Manjarrez-Zavala, R. Montes-Vizuet, D. P. Rosete-Olvera, A. M. Tapia-Diaz, H. Zepeda-Peney, and L. M. Teran Role of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 and -4 in children with virus exacerbation of asthma Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2008; 32(5): 1243 - 1942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. G. Therien, V. Bernier, S. Weicker, P. Tawa, J.-P. Falgueyret, M.-C. Mathieu, J. Honsberger, V. Pomerleau, A. Robichaud, R. Stocco, et al. Adenovirus IL-13-Induced Airway Disease in Mice: A Corticosteroid-Resistant Model of Severe Asthma Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., July 1, 2008; 39(1): 26 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Akk, P. M. Simmons, H. W. Chan, E. Agapov, M. J. Holtzman, M. H. Grayson, and C. T. N. Pham Dipeptidyl Peptidase I-Dependent Neutrophil Recruitment Modulates the Inflammatory Response to Sendai Virus Infection J. Immunol., March 1, 2008; 180(5): 3535 - 3542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. G. Wood, H. Powell, T. Grissell, T. T.D. Nguyen, D. Shafren, M. Hensley, and P. G. Gibson Persistent Airway Obstruction After Virus Infection Is Not Associated With Airway Inflammation Chest, February 1, 2007; 131(2): 415 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. V. Grissell, H. Powell, D. R. Shafren, M. J. Boyle, M. J. Hensley, P. D. Jones, B. F. Whitehead, and P. G. Gibson Interleukin-10 Gene Expression in Acute Virus-induced Asthma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2005; 172(4): 433 - 439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. D. Message and S. L. Johnston Host defense function of the airway epithelium in health and disease: clinical background J. Leukoc. Biol., January 1, 2004; 75(1): 5 - 17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Yasui, H. Kanda, T. Iwanami, and A. Komiyama Increased serum concentration of urinary trypsin inhibitor with asthma exacerbation Eur. Respir. J., November 1, 2003; 22(5): 739 - 742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Gern, R. Brockman-Schneider, S. Bhattacharya, J. S. Malter, and W. W. Busse Serum and Low-Density Lipoprotein Enhance Interleukin-8 Secretion by Airway Epithelial Cells Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., October 1, 2003; 29(4): 483 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. D. Gilliland, E. B. Rappaport, K. Berhane, T. Islam, L. Dubeau, W. J. Gauderman, and R. McConnell Effects of Glutathione S-Transferase P1, M1, and T1 on Acute Respiratory Illness in School Children Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2002; 166(3): 346 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Konno, K. A. Grindle, W.-M. Lee, M. K. Schroth, A. G. Mosser, R. A. Brockman-Schneider, W. W. Busse, and J. E. Gern Interferon-gamma Enhances Rhinovirus-Induced RANTES Secretion by Airway Epithelial Cells Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., May 1, 2002; 26(5): 594 - 601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Pettersen and K. B. Adler Airways Inflammation and COPD* : Epithelial-Neutrophil Interactions Chest, May 1, 2002; 121 (2009): 142S - 150S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Renz and U. Herz The bidirectional capacity of bacterial antigens to modulate allergy and asthma Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2002; 19(1): 158 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.D. Message and S.L. Johnston The immunology of virus infection in asthma Eur. Respir. J., December 1, 2001; 18(6): 1013 - 1025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. G. Gibson, J. L. Simpson, and N. Saltos Heterogeneity of Airway Inflammation in Persistent Asthma : Evidence of Neutrophilic Inflammation and Increased Sputum Interleukin-8 Chest, May 1, 2001; 119(5): 1329 - 1336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. CORNE, L. LAU, S. J. SCOTT, R. DAVIES, S. L. JOHNSTON, and P. H. HOWARTH The Relationship between Atopic Status and IL-10 Nasal Lavage Levels in the Acute and Persistent Inflammatory Response to Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2001; 163(5): 1101 - 1107. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P.A.B. Wark, S.L. Johnston, I. Moric, J.L. Simpson, M.J. Hensley, and P.G. Gibson Neutrophil degranulation and cell lysis is associated with clinical severity in virus-induced asthma Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2001; 19(1): 68 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. GERN, R. VRTIS, K. A. GRINDLE, C. SWENSON, and W. W. BUSSE Relationship of Upper and Lower Airway Cytokines to Outcome of Experimental Rhinovirus Infection Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 1, 2000; 162(6): 2226 - 2231. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				B. O. Rennard, R. F. Ertl, G. L. Gossman, R. A. Robbins, and S. I. Rennard Chicken Soup Inhibits Neutrophil Chemotaxis In Vitro Chest, October 1, 2000; 118(4): 1150 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Bheekha-Escura, D. W. MacGlashan Jr, J. M. Langdon, and S. M. MacDonald Human recombinant histamine-releasing factor activates human eosinophils and the eosinophilic cell line, AML14-3D10 Blood, September 15, 2000; 96(6): 2191 - 2198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. M. OPENSHAW and C. HEWITT Protective and Harmful Effects of Viral Infections in Childhood on Wheezing Disorders and Asthma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2000; 162(2): S40 - 43. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. ORDOÑEZ, T. E. SHAUGHNESSY, M. A. MATTHAY, and J. V. FAHY Increased Neutrophil Numbers and IL-8 Levels in Airway Secretions in Acute Severe Asthma . Clinical and Biologic Significance Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2000; 161(4): 1185 - 1190. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. A. DOUGLASS and R. E. O'HEHIR What Determines Asthma Phenotype? . Respiratory Infections and Asthma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 1, 2000; 161(3): S211 - 214. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Jaovisidha, M. E. Peeples, A. A. Brees, L. R. Carpenter, and J. N. Moy Respiratory Syncytial Virus Stimulates Neutrophil Degranulation and Chemokine Release J. Immunol., September 1, 1999; 163(5): 2816 - 2820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Page, G. J. Gleich, K. A. Roebuck, and L. L. Thomas Stimulation of Neutrophil Interleukin-8 Production by Eosinophil Granule Major Basic Protein Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., August 1, 1999; 21(2): 230 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. J. Daffern, M. A. Jagels, and T. E. Hugli Multiple Epithelial Cell-Derived Factors Enhance Neutrophil Survival . Regulation by Glucocorticoids and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., August 1, 1999; 21(2): 259 - 267. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. E. FLEMING, F. F. LITTLE, D. SCHNURR, P. C. AVILA, H. WONG, J. LIU, S. YAGI, and H. A. BOUSHEY Rhinovirus-16 Colds in Healthy and in Asthmatic Subjects . Similar Changes in Upper and Lower Airways Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 1999; 160(1): 100 - 108. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. B. Turner, M. T. Wecker, G. Pohl, T. J. Witek, E. McNally, R. St. George, B. Winther, and F. G. Hayden Efficacy of Tremacamra, a Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1, for Experimental Rhinovirus Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial JAMA, May 19, 1999; 281(19): 1797 - 1804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Gern and W. W. Busse Association of Rhinovirus Infections with Asthma Clin. Microbiol. Rev., January 1, 1999; 12(1): 9 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N G PAPADOPOULOS and S L JOHNSTON Viruses and asthma exacerbations Thorax, November 1, 1998; 53(11): 913 - 914. [Full Text]

				M. M. M. PIZZICHINI, E. PIZZICHINI, A. EFTHIMIADIS, A. J. CHAUHAN, S. L. JOHNSTON, P. HUSSACK, J. MAHONY, J. DOLOVICH, and F. E. HARGREAVE Asthma and Natural Colds . Inflammatory Indices in Induced Sputum: A Feasibility Study Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 1998; 158(4): 1178 - 1184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Johnston, A. Papi, P. J. Bates, J. G. Mastronarde, M. M. Monick, and G. W. Hunninghake Low Grade Rhinovirus Infection Induces a Prolonged Release of IL-8 in Pulmonary Epithelium J. Immunol., June 15, 1998; 160(12): 6172 - 6181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. FOLKERTS, W. W. BUSSE, F. P. NIJKAMP, R. SORKNESS, and J. E. GERN Virus-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Asthma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 1998; 157(6): 1708 - 1720. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Yuta, W. J. Doyle, E. Gaumond, M. Ali, L. Tamarkin, J. N. Baraniuk, M. Van Deusen, S. Cohen, and D. P. Skoner Rhinovirus infection induces mucus hypersecretion Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, June 1, 1998; 274(6): L1017 - L1023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]