LM Teran, MP Carroll, AJ Frew, AE Redington, DE Davies, I Lindley, PH Howarth, MK Church and ST Holgate
Immunopharmacology Group, Southampton General Hospital, United Kingdom.

We have investigated the profile of cellular recruitment into asthmatic airways after allergen and saline exposure and its relationship to interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used to instill allergen into the middle lobe while the right upper lobe received a sham saline challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of both sites was performed either 4 or 24 h later. Neutrophil numbers in BAL fluid obtained 4 and 24 h after challenge were 17 and 48 times higher than prechallenge numbers (p < or = 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the numbers of neutrophils at the two sites. In contrast, eosinophil numbers were increased by 6- and 20-fold, respectively, at 4 and 24 h at allergen-challenged as compared with saline-challenged sites (p < 0.005 and p < 0.02, respectively). Baseline concentrations of IL-8 in BAL fluid were undetectable in most cases. Four hours after allergen or saline exposure, BAL fluid IL-8 concentrations were: median, 200 pg/ml; range, 20 to 750 pg/ml and median, 123 pg/ml; range, < 20 to 800 pg/ml, respectively. These declined to 23 pg/ml (range, < 20 to 126 pg/ml) and 43 pg/ml (range < 20 to 130 pg/ml), respectively, 24 h after exposure. There was a significant correlation between neutrophil numbers and IL-8 concentrations 4 h after saline exposure. These findings indicate that neutrophil infiltration is a nonspecific response to the procedure of bronchoscopy and lavage, in contrast to eosinophil recruitment, which is an allergen-specific phenomenon, and it suggests that IL-8 release may be involved in neutrophil recruitment.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. Ostrowska, E. Sokolova, and G. Reiser PAR-2 activation and LPS synergistically enhance inflammatory signaling in airway epithelial cells by raising PAR expression level and interleukin-8 release Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): L1208 - L1218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Farahi, A. S. Cowburn, P. D. Upton, J. Deighton, A. Sobolewski, E. Gherardi, N. W. Morrell, and E. R. Chilvers Eotaxin-1/CC Chemokine Ligand 11: A Novel Eosinophil Survival Factor Secreted by Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells J. Immunol., July 15, 2007; 179(2): 1264 - 1273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Kikuchi, S. Kikuchi, T. Kobayashi, K. Hagiwara, Y. Sakamoto, M. Kanazawa, and M. Nagata Eosinophil Trans-Basement Membrane Migration Induced by Interleukin-8 and Neutrophils Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., June 1, 2006; 34(6): 760 - 765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Park, M. T. Wiekowski, S. A. Lira, and B. Mehrad Neutrophils Regulate Airway Responses in a Model of Fungal Allergic Airways Disease J. Immunol., February 15, 2006; 176(4): 2538 - 2545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Armstrong, S. I. H. Godinho, K. M. Uppington, H. A. Whittington, and A. B. Millar Contribution of TNF-{alpha} Converting Enzyme and Proteinase-3 to TNF-{alpha} Processing in Human Alveolar Macrophages Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., February 1, 2006; 34(2): 219 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Taube, A. Dakhama, Y.-H. Rha, K. Takeda, A. Joetham, J.-W. Park, A. Balhorn, T. Takai, K. R. Poch, J. A. Nick, et al. Transient Neutrophil Infiltration After Allergen Challenge Is Dependent on Specific Antibodies and Fc{gamma}III Receptors J. Immunol., April 15, 2003; 170(8): 4301 - 4309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Lordan, F. Bucchieri, A. Richter, A. Konstantinidis, J. W. Holloway, M. Thornber, S. M. Puddicombe, D. Buchanan, S. J. Wilson, R. Djukanovic, et al. Cooperative Effects of Th2 Cytokines and Allergen on Normal and Asthmatic Bronchial Epithelial Cells J. Immunol., July 1, 2002; 169(1): 407 - 414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. H. Ulfman, D. P. H. Joosten, J. A. M. van der Linden, J.-W. J. Lammers, J. J. Zwaginga, and L. Koenderman IL-8 Induces a Transient Arrest of Rolling Eosinophils on Human Endothelial Cells J. Immunol., January 1, 2001; 166(1): 588 - 595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Bheekha-Escura, D. W. MacGlashan Jr, J. M. Langdon, and S. M. MacDonald Human recombinant histamine-releasing factor activates human eosinophils and the eosinophilic cell line, AML14-3D10 Blood, September 15, 2000; 96(6): 2191 - 2198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. ORDOÑEZ, T. E. SHAUGHNESSY, M. A. MATTHAY, and J. V. FAHY Increased Neutrophil Numbers and IL-8 Levels in Airway Secretions in Acute Severe Asthma . Clinical and Biologic Significance Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2000; 161(4): 1185 - 1190. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				K F Chung and P J Barnes Cytokines in asthma Thorax, September 1, 1999; 54(9): 825 - 857. [Full Text]

				S. T. HOLGATE, K. S. BODEY, A. JANEZIC, A. J. FREW, A. P. KAPLAN, and L. M. TERAN Release of RANTES, MIP-1alpha , and MCP-1 into Asthmatic Airways Following Endobronchial Allergen Challenge Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 1997; 156(5): 1377 - 1383. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Z. Zhu, W. Tang, J. M. Gwaltney Jr., Y. Wu, and J. A. Elias Rhinovirus stimulation of interleukin-8 in vivo and in vitro: role of NF-kappa B Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, October 1, 1997; 273(4): L814 - L824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. E. REDINGTON, J. MADDEN, A. J. FREW, R. DJUKANOVIC, W. R. ROCHE, S. T. HOLGATE, and P. H. HOWARTH Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 in Asthma . Measurement in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 1997; 156(2): 642 - 647. [Abstract] [Full Text]