N Kramer, TJ Meyer, J Meharg, RD Cece and NS Hill
Pulmonary Division, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Recent studies suggest that noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) administered by nasal or oronasal mask avoids the need for endotracheal intubation, rapidly improves vital signs, gas exchange, and sense of dyspnea, and may reduce mortality in selected patients with acute respiratory failure, but few controlled trials have been done. The present study used a randomized prospective design to evaluate the possible benefits of NPPV plus standard therapy versus standard therapy alone in patients with acute respiratory failure. Patients to receive NPPV were comfortably fitted with a standard nasal mask connected to a BiPAP ventilatory assist device (Respironics, Inc., Murrysville, PA) in the patient flow-triggered/time-triggered (S/T) mode, and standard therapy consisted of all other treatments deemed necessary by the primary physician, including endotracheal intubation. The need for intubation was reduced from 73% in the standard therapy group (11 of 15 patients) to 31% in the NPPV group (5 of 16 patients, p < 0.05). Among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, the reduction was even more striking, with 8 of 12 (67%) control patients requiring intubation compared with 1 of 11 (9%) NPPV patients (p < 0.05). Heart and respiratory rates were significantly lower in the NPPV group than in control patients within 1 h, and PaO2 was significantly improved in the NPPV group for the first 6 h. Dyspnea scores and maximal inspiratory pressures were better in the NPPV than in control patients at 6 h, and nurses and therapists spent similar amounts of time at the bedside for both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. A. Schmidt Mechanical Ventilation ACCP Crit Care Med Brd Rev, January 1, 2009; 20(0): 157 - 170. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Celebi, O. Koner, F. Menda, O. Omay, I. Gunay, K. Suzer, and N. Cakar Pulmonary Effects of Noninvasive Ventilation Combined with the Recruitment Maneuver After Cardiac Surgery Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2008; 107(2): 614 - 619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. GERSHMAN, A. J. REDDY, M. M. BUDEV, and P. J. MAZZONE Q: Does noninvasive positive pressure ventilation have a role in managing hypercapnic respiratory failure due to an acute exacerbation of COPD? Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, June 1, 2008; 75(6): 458 - 461. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. R. Celli Update on the Management of COPD Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6): 1451 - 1462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Rubinson, J. L. Hick, J. R. Curtis, R. D. Branson, S. Burns, M. D. Christian, A. V. Devereaux, J. R. Dichter, D. Talmor, B. Erstad, et al. Definitive Care for the Critically Ill During a Disaster: Medical Resources for Surge Capacity: From a Task Force for Mass Critical Care Summit Meeting, January 26-27, 2007, Chicago, IL Chest, May 1, 2008; 133(5_suppl): 32S - 50S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Ambrosino and G. Vagheggini Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the acute care setting: where are we? Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2008; 31(4): 874 - 886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R Bolton and A Bleetman Non-invasive ventilation and continuous positive pressure ventilation in emergency departments: where are we now? Emerg. Med. J., April 1, 2008; 25(4): 190 - 194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. S. Quon, W. Q. Gan, and D. D. Sin Contemporary Management of Acute Exacerbations of COPD: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis Chest, March 1, 2008; 133(3): 756 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. F. Rabe, S. Hurd, A. Anzueto, P. J. Barnes, S. A. Buist, P. Calverley, Y. Fukuchi, C. Jenkins, R. Rodriguez-Roisin, C. van Weel, et al. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD Executive Summary Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 15, 2007; 176(6): 532 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Garpestad, J. Brennan, and N. S. Hill Noninvasive Ventilation for Critical Care Chest, August 1, 2007; 132(2): 711 - 720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Roy, F. C. Cordova, J. M. Travaline, G. E. D'Alonzo Jr, and G. J. Criner Full Face Mask for Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure J Am Osteopath Assoc, April 1, 2007; 107(4): 148 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. El Solh and F. H. Ramadan Overview of Respiratory Failure in Older Adults J Intensive Care Med, December 1, 2006; 21(6): 345 - 351. [Abstract] [PDF]

				B Chakrabarti and P M A Calverley Management of acute ventilatory failure. Postgrad. Med. J., July 1, 2006; 82(969): 438 - 445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Moerer, S. Fischer, M. Hartelt, B. Kuvaki, M. Quintel, and P. Neumann Influence of Two Different Interfaces for Noninvasive Ventilation Compared to Invasive Ventilation on the Mechanical Properties and Performance of a Respiratory System: A Lung Model Study Chest, June 1, 2006; 129(6): 1424 - 1431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Gregoretti, V. Squadrone, C. Fogliati, C. Olivieri, and P. Navalesi Transtracheal Open Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure Secondary to Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2006; 173(8): 877 - 881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Balami, S. M. Packham, and M. A. Gosney Non-invasive ventilation for respiratory failure due to acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in older patients Age Ageing, January 1, 2006; 35(1): 75 - 79. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. R. Celli Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: From Unjustified Nihilism to Evidence-based Optimism. Proceedings of the ATS, January 1, 2006; 3(1): 58 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. X. Whalen, O. Gajic, G. B. Thompson, M. L. Kendrick, F. L. Que, B. A. Williams, M. J. Joyner, R. D. Hubmayr, D. O. Warner, and J. Sprung The Effects of the Alveolar Recruitment Maneuver and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Arterial Oxygenation During Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery Anesth. Analg., January 1, 2006; 102(1): 298 - 305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Honrubia, F. J. Garcia Lopez, N. Franco, M. Mas, M. Guevara, M. Daguerre, I. Alia, A. Algora, P. Galdos, and on Behalf of the EMVIRA Investigators Noninvasive vs Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial Chest, December 1, 2005; 128(6): 3916 - 3924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Miyoshi, Y. Fujino, A. Uchiyama, T. Mashimo, and M. Nishimura Effects of Gas Leak on Triggering Function, Humidification, and Inspiratory Oxygen Fraction During Noninvasive Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation Chest, November 1, 2005; 128(5): 3691 - 3698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Costa, P. Navalesi, M. Antonelli, F. Cavaliere, A. Craba, R. Proietti, and G. Conti Physiologic Evaluation of Different Levels of Assistance During Noninvasive Ventilation Delivered Through a Helmet Chest, October 1, 2005; 128(4): 2984 - 2990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Racca, L. Appendini, C. Gregoretti, E. Stra, A. Patessio, C. F. Donner, and V. M. Ranieri Effectiveness of mask and helmet interfaces to deliver noninvasive ventilation in a human model of resistive breathing J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2005; 99(4): 1262 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Scala, M. Naldi, I. Archinucci, G. Coniglio, and S. Nava Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients With Acute Exacerbations of COPD and Varying Levels of Consciousness Chest, September 1, 2005; 128(3): 1657 - 1666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. W. Elliott Non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory disease Br. Med. Bull., March 31, 2005; 72(1): 83 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. G. Diaz, A. C. Alcaraz, J. C. P. Talavera, P. J. Perez, A. E. Rodriguez, F. G. Cordoba, and N. S. Hill Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation To Treat Hypercapnic Coma Secondary to Respiratory Failure Chest, March 1, 2005; 127(3): 952 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Cuomo, M. Delmastro, P. Ceriana, S. Nava, G. Conti, M. Antonelli, and E. Iacobone Noninvasive mechanical ventilation as a palliative treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients with end-stage solid cancer Palliative Medicine, October 1, 2004; 18(7): 602 - 610. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J R Hurst and J A Wedzicha Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the clinical management of an acute exacerbation Postgrad. Med. J., September 1, 2004; 80(947): 497 - 505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. S. Paus-Jenssen, J. K. Reid, D. W. Cockcroft, K. Laframboise, and H. A. Ward The Use of Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure at a Tertiary Care Center Chest, July 1, 2004; 126(1): 165 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Esteban, F. Frutos-Vivar, N. D. Ferguson, Y. Arabi, C. Apezteguia, M. Gonzalez, S. K. Epstein, N. S. Hill, S. Nava, M.-A. Soares, et al. Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation for Respiratory Failure after Extubation N. Engl. J. Med., June 10, 2004; 350(24): 2452 - 2460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Todisco, S. Baglioni, A. Eslami, E. Scoscia, C. Todisco, L. Bruni, and M. Dottorini Treatment of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Respiratory Failure: Integrated Use of Negative Pressure Ventilation and Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Chest, June 1, 2004; 125(6): 2217 - 2223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Corrado, R. Ginanni, G. Villella, M. Gorini, A. Augustynen, D. Tozzi, A. Peris, S. Grifoni, A. Messori, C. Nozzoli, et al. Iron lung versus conventional mechanical ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2004; 23(3): 419 - 424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Girou, C. Brun-Buisson, S. Taille, F. Lemaire, and L. Brochard Secular Trends in Nosocomial Infections and Mortality Associated With Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Exacerbation of COPD and Pulmonary Edema JAMA, December 10, 2003; 290(22): 2985 - 2991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. R. Celli A 62-Year-Old Woman With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease JAMA, November 26, 2003; 290(20): 2721 - 2729. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Brochard Mechanical ventilation: invasive versus noninvasive Eur. Respir. J., November 16, 2003; 22(47_suppl): 31s - 37s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A M Cross, P Cameron, M Kierce, M Ragg, and A-M Kelly Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure: a randomised comparison of continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive airway pressure Emerg. Med. J., November 1, 2003; 20(6): 531 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J M Tuggey, P K Plant, and M W Elliott Domiciliary non-invasive ventilation for recurrent acidotic exacerbations of COPD: an economic analysis Thorax, October 1, 2003; 58(10): 867 - 871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Wijkstra, M. A. Avendano, and R. S. Goldstein Inpatient Chronic Assisted Ventilatory Care: A 15-Year Experience Chest, September 1, 2003; 124(3): 850 - 856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Liesching, H. Kwok, and N. S. Hill Acute Applications of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Chest, August 1, 2003; 124(2): 699 - 713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Girou Prevention of nosocomial infections in acute respiratory failure patients Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2003; 22(42_suppl): 72s - 76s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Wijkstra, Y. Lacasse, G. H. Guyatt, C. Casanova, P. C. Gay, J. Meecham Jones, and R. S. Goldstein A Meta-analysis of Nocturnal Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients With Stable COPD Chest, July 1, 2003; 124(1): 337 - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Keenan, T. Sinuff, D. J. Cook, and N. S. Hill Which Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Benefit from Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation? A Systematic Review of the Literature Ann Intern Med, June 3, 2003; 138(11): 861 - 870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P K Plant and M W Elliott Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease * 9: Management of ventilatory failure in COPD Thorax, June 1, 2003; 58(6): 537 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P K Plant, J L Owen, S Parrott, and M W Elliott Cost effectiveness of ward based non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: economic analysis of randomised controlled trial BMJ, May 3, 2003; 326(7396): 956 - 956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M W Elliott Improving the care for patients with acute severe respiratory disease Thorax, April 1, 2003; 58(4): 285 - 288. [Full Text] [PDF]

				K S. Babu and A. J Chauhan Non-invasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease BMJ, January 25, 2003; 326(7382): 177 - 178. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. V Lightowler, J. A Wedzicha, M. W Elliott, and F. S F Ram Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure resulting from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ, January 25, 2003; 326(7382): 185 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Leger and G. Laier-Groeneveld Infrastructure, funding and follow-up in a programme of noninvasive ventilation Eur. Respir. J., December 1, 2002; 20(6): 1573 - 1578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O Dikensoy, A Filiz, E Ekinci, and W J M Kinnear Author's reply Thorax, November 1, 2002; 57 (11): 1002 - 1002. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.P. Highcock, E. Morrish, S. Jamieson, J.M. Shneerson, and I.E. Smith An overnight comparison of two ventilators used in the treatment of chronic respiratory failure Eur. Respir. J., October 1, 2002; 20(4): 942 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E F Nash Non-invasive ventilation Thorax, October 1, 2002; 57 (10): 919 - 919. [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Thys, J. Roeseler, M. Reynaert, G. Liistro, and D.O. Rodenstein Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial Eur. Respir. J., September 1, 2002; 20(3): 545 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.A. Wedzicha and J-F. Muir Noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis Eur. Respir. J., September 1, 2002; 20(3): 777 - 784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Brochard Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure JAMA, August 28, 2002; 288(8): 932 - 935. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Vanpee, C. El Khawand, L. Rousseau, J. Jamart, and L. Delaunois Effects of Nasal Pressure Support on Ventilation and Inspiratory Work in Normocapnic and Hypercapnic Patients With Stable COPD* Chest, July 1, 2002; 122(1): 75 - 83. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. S. Hill, C. Carlisle, and N. R. Kramer Effect of a Nonrebreathing Exhalation Valve on Long-term Nasal Ventilation Using a Bilevel Device* Chest, July 1, 2002; 122(1): 84 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Keenan, C. Powers, D. G. McCormack, and G. Block Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation for Postextubation Respiratory Distress: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, June 26, 2002; 287(24): 3238 - 3244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.W. Elliott, M. Confalonieri, and S. Nava Where to perform noninvasive ventilation? Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2002; 19(6): 1159 - 1166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Brochard, J. Mancebo, and M.W. Elliott Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2002; 19(4): 712 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. Stoller Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease N. Engl. J. Med., March 28, 2002; 346(13): 988 - 994. [Full Text] [PDF]

				Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure Thorax, March 1, 2002; 57(3): 192 - 211. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Corrado, M. Confalonieri, S. Marchese, C. Mollica, G. Villella, M. Gorini, and R. Della Porta Iron Lung vs Mask Ventilation in the Treatment of Acute on Chronic Respiratory Failure in COPD Patients : A Multicenter Study Chest, January 1, 2002; 121(1): 189 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D Breen, T Churches, F Hawker, and P J Torzillo Acute respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated in the intensive care unit: a long term follow up study Thorax, January 1, 2002; 57(1): 29 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. M. STELL, G. PAUL, K. C. LEE, J. PONTE, and J. MOXHAM Noninvasive Ventilator Triggering in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . A Test Lung Comparison Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 1, 2001; 164(11): 2092 - 2097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. C. GAY, D. R. HESS, and N. S. HILL Noninvasive Proportional Assist Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Insufficiency . Comparison with Pressure Support Ventilation Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2001; 164(9): 1606 - 1611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. G. Brower, L. B. Ware, Y. Berthiaume, and M. A. Matthay Treatment of ARDS Chest, October 1, 2001; 120(4): 1347 - 1367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. AURIANT, A. JALLOT, P. HERVE, J. CERRINA, F. LE ROY LADURIE, J. L. FOURNIER, B. LESCOT, and F. PARQUIN Noninvasive Ventilation Reduces Mortality in Acute Respiratory Failure following Lung Resection Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2001; 164(7): 1231 - 1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P K Plant, J L Owen, and M W Elliott Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long term survival and predictors of in-hospital outcome Thorax, September 1, 2001; 56(9): 708 - 712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Cuvelier and J-F. Muir Noninvasive ventilation and obstructive lung diseases Eur. Respir. J., June 1, 2001; 17(6): 1271 - 1281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. GORINI, A. CORRADO, G. VILLELLA, R. GINANNI, A. AUGUSTYNEN, and D. TOZZI Physiologic Effects of Negative Pressure Ventilation in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2001; 163(7): 1614 - 1618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. B. Bach, C. Brown, S. E. Gelfand, and D. C. McCrory Management of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Summary and Appraisal of Published Evidence Ann Intern Med, April 3, 2001; 134(7): 600 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. C. McCrory, C. Brown, S. E. Gelfand, and P. B. Bach Management of Acute Exacerbations of COPD : A Summary and Appraisal of Published Evidence Chest, April 1, 2001; 119(4): 1190 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. PAUWELS, A. S. BUIST, P. M. A. CALVERLEY, C. R. JENKINS, and S. S. HURD Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop Summary Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2001; 163(5): 1256 - 1276. [Full Text]

				A. CARLUCCI, J.-C. RICHARD, M. WYSOCKI, E. LEPAGE, L. BROCHARD, and the SRLF Collaborative Group o Noninvasive Versus Conventional Mechanical Ventilation . An Epidemiologic Survey Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 15, 2001; 163(4): 874 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. MEHTA and N. S. HILL Noninvasive Ventilation Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2001; 163(2): 540 - 577. [Full Text]

				International Consensus Conferences in Intensive Care Medicine: Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure . Organized Jointly by the American Thoracic Society, the European Respiratory Society, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and the Societe de Reanimation de Langue Francaise, and approved by the ATS Board of Directors, December 2000 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 1, 2001; 163(1): 283 - 291. [Full Text]

				E. Girou, F. Schortgen, C. Delclaux, C. Brun-Buisson, F. Blot, Y. Lefort, F. Lemaire, and L. Brochard Association of Noninvasive Ventilation With Nosocomial Infections and Survival in Critically Ill Patients JAMA, November 8, 2000; 284(18): 2361 - 2367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Keenan Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure JAMA, November 8, 2000; 284(18): 2376 - 2378. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Sinuff, D. Cook, J. Randall, and C. Allen Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation: a utilization review of use in a teaching hospital Can. Med. Assoc. J., October 1, 2000; 163(8): 969 - 973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J V J LIGHTOWLER and M W ELLIOTT Predicting the outcome from NIV for acute exacerbations of COPD Thorax, October 1, 2000; 55(10): 815 - 816. [Full Text]

				M. Moretti, C. Cilione, A. Tampieri, C. Fracchia, A. Marchioni, and S. Nava Incidence and causes of non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure after initial success Thorax, October 1, 2000; 55(10): 819 - 825. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. Navalesi, A. Pollini, M. Confalonieri, and G.U. Meduri ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED EVALUATION OF NONINVASIVE VENTILATION Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2000; 162(2): 761 - 762. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P K Plant, J L Owen, and M W Elliott One year period prevalence study of respiratory acidosis in acute exacerbations of COPD: implications for the provision of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen administration Thorax, July 1, 2000; 55(7): 550 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. ESTEBAN, A. ANZUETO, I. ALÍA, F. GORDO, C. APEZTEGUÍA, F. PÁLIZAS, D. CIDE, R. GOLDWASER, L. SOTO, G. BUGEDO, et al. How Is Mechanical Ventilation Employed in the Intensive Care Unit? . An International Utilization Review Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2000; 161(5): 1450 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. M. Karnik Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation : Testing the Bridge Chest, March 1, 2000; 117(3): 625 - 627. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Anton, R. Guell, J. Gomez, J. Serrano, A. Castellano, J. L. Carrasco, and J. Sanchis Predicting the Result of Noninvasive Ventilation in Severe Acute Exacerbations of Patients With Chronic Airflow Limitation Chest, March 1, 2000; 117(3): 828 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M Cross Review of the role of non-invasive ventilation in the emergency department Emerg. Med. J., March 1, 2000; 17(2): 79 - 85. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Rossi Noninvasive Ventilation Has Not Been Shown To Be Ineffective in Stable COPD Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 1, 2000; 161(3): 688 - 689. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. MARTIN, J. D. HOVIS, J. P. COSTANTINO, M. I. BIERMAN, M. P. DONAHOE, R. M. ROGERS, J. W. KREIT, F. C. SCIURBA, R. A. STILLER, and M. H. SANDERS A Randomized, Prospective Evaluation of Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 1, 2000; 161(3): 807 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. CONFALONIERI, A. POTENA, G. CARBONE, R. D. PORTA, E. A. TOLLEY, and G. UMBERTO MEDURI Acute Respiratory Failure in Patients with Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia . A Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Noninvasive Ventilation Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 1999; 160(5): 1585 - 1591. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				G. J. Criner, K. Brennan, J. M. Travaline, and D. Kreimer Efficacy and Compliance With Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients With Chronic Respiratory Failure Chest, September 1, 1999; 116(3): 667 - 675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Poponick, J. P. Renston, R. P. Bennett, and C. L. Emerman Use of a Ventilatory Support System (BiPAP) for Acute Respiratory Failure in the Emergency Department Chest, July 1, 1999; 116(1): 166 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Pulmonary Rehabilitation---1999 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 1999; 159(5): 1666 - 1682. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. M. Rocker, M.-G. Mackenzie, B. Williams, and P. M. Logan Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation: Successful Outcome in Patients With Acute Lung Injury/ARDS Chest, January 1, 1999; 115(1): 173 - 177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M J Doherty and M A Greenstone Survey of non-invasive ventilation (NIPPV) in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK Thorax, October 1, 1998; 53(10): 863 - 866. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M W ELLIOTT and S V BAUDOUIN Respiratory intensive care in Europe: lessons for the UK Thorax, September 1, 1998; 53(9): 725 - 726. [Full Text]

				M. Antonelli, G. Conti, M. Rocco, M. Bufi, R. A. De Blasi, G. Vivino, A. Gasparetto, and G. U. Meduri A Comparison of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation and Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure N. Engl. J. Med., August 13, 1998; 339(7): 429 - 435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Niranjan, J. Bach, A. G.N. Agusti, F. Barbe, B. Togores, R. E. Hillberg, and D. C. Johnson Noninvasive Ventilation N. Engl. J. Med., May 7, 1998; 338(19): 1388 - 1389. [Full Text]

				R. E. Hillberg and D. C. Johnson Noninvasive Ventilation N. Engl. J. Med., December 11, 1997; 337(24): 1746 - 1752. [Full Text] [PDF]

				O Diaz, R Iglesia, M Ferrer, E Zavala, C Santos, P. Wagner, J Roca, and R Rodriguez- Roisin Effects of noninvasive ventilation on pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics during acute hypercapnic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 1, 1997; 156(6): 1840 - 1845. [Abstract] [Full Text]